Table 2.
Comparison of distribution frequency of risk factors between two groups (healthy group and the group with hepatitis)
| Control group, n (%) | Hepatitis-B group, n (%) | P | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospitalization | ||||
| No | 309 (59.1) | 156 (49.8) | 0.009 | 1 |
| Yes | 214 (40.9) | 157 (50.2) | 2.94 (1.72-5.00) | |
| Undergoing surgery | ||||
| No | 291 (54.9) | 192 (61.5) | 0.060 | - |
| Yes | 239 (45.1) | 120 (38.5) | - | |
| Wound in dispute | ||||
| No | 493 (95.7) | 77 (100) | 0.065 | |
| Yes | 22 (4.3) | 0 | - | |
| Wound in accident/accident injuries | ||||
| No | 475 (90.3) | 271 (88.3) | 0.355 | - |
| Yes | 51 (9.7) | 36 (11.7) | - | |
| Blood transfusion | ||||
| No | 474 (91) | 262 (84.8) | 0.065 | - |
| Yes | 47 (9) | 47 (15.2) | - | |
| Organ transplant | ||||
| No | 521 (98.7) | 296 (99.3) | 0.384 | - |
| Yes | 7 (1.3) | 2 (0.7) | - | |
| Blood type/blood group | ||||
| A | 147 (31.6) | 17 (28.8) | 0.444 | - |
| B | 89 (19.1) | 12 (20.3) | - | |
| AB | 51 (11) | 3 (5.1) | - | |
| O | 178 (38.3) | 27 (45.8) | - | |
| RH factor | ||||
| Positive | 324 (87.8) | 49 (86) | 0.695 | - |
| Negative | 45 (12.2) | 8 (14) | - | |
| Jaundice | ||||
| No | 443 (94.1) | 266 (97.8) | 0.019 | 1 |
| Yes | 28 (5.9) | 6 (2.2) | 0.34 (0.07-1.79) | |
| IV drug addiction | ||||
| No | 466 (87.1) | 160 (51.4) | <0.0001 | 1 |
| Yes | 69 (12.9) | 151 (48.6) | 0.84 (0.36-1.91) | |
| Needle sharing | ||||
| No | 526 (100) | 303 (98.4) | 0.003 | - |
| Yes | 0 | 5 (1.6) | Notcomputable | |
| Sexual relationship (with someone other than spouse) | ||||
| No | 482 (91.1) | 288 (92.6) | 0.451 | - |
| Yes | 47 (8.9) | 23 (7.4) | - | |
| Spouse’s jaundice | ||||
| No | 426 (98.6) | 255 (97.36) | 0.227 | - |
| Yes | 6 (1.4) | 7 (2.7) | - | |
| Having a weak immune system | ||||
| No | 487 (94.4) | 301 (99.7) | <0.0001 | - |
| Yes | 29 (5.6) | 1 (0.3) | 0.19 (0.02-1.67) | |
| Drug injection | ||||
| No | 424 (88) | 234 (89.7) | 0.490 | - |
| Yes | 58 (12) | 27 (10.3) | - | |
| Prison records | ||||
| No | 514 (97.7) | 288 (93.8) | 0.004 | 1 |
| Yes | 12 (2.3) | 19 (6.2) | 1.53 (0.43-5.71) | |
| Spouse’s prison records | ||||
| No | 485 (99.4) | 236 (98.7) | 0.370 | - |
| Yes | 3 (0.6) | 3 (1.3) | - | |
| Dialysis | ||||
| No | 509 (97.7) | 302 (99.3) | 0.078 | - |
| Yes | 12 (2.3) | 2 (0.7) | - | |
| Dental treatment | ||||
| No | 82 (15.1) | 25 (8) | 0.002 | 1 |
| Yes | 461 (84.9) | 289 (92) | 4.30 (1.41-13.10) | |
| Tattooing | ||||
| No | 494 (93.4) | 290 (93.2) | 0.939 | - |
| Yes | 35 (6.6) | 21 (6.8) | - | |
| Cupping | ||||
| No | 427 (79.5) | 255 (82.3) | 0.338 | - |
| Yes | 109 (20.5) | 55 (17.7) | - | |
| Skin cuts in laboratory | ||||
| No | 455 (86.7) | 270 (86.5) | 0.958 | - |
| Yes | 70 (13.3) | 42 (13.5) | - | |
| Work experience in health centers | ||||
| No | 474 (92.4) | 299 (99.7) | <0.0001 | 1 |
| Yes | 39 (7.6) | 1 (0.3) | Not computable | |
| STIs | ||||
| No | 504 (96.9) | 16 (100) | 0.476 | - |
| Yes | 16 (3.6) | 0 | - | |
| Acupuncture | ||||
| No | 509 (95.5) | 13 (100) | 0.434 | - |
| Yes | 24 (4.5) | 0 | - | |
| Hepatitis in family | ||||
| No | 508 (96) | 224 (72.5) | <0.0001 | 1 |
| Yes | 21 (4) | 85 (27.5) | 10.56 (4.56-24.86) |
STIs=Sexually transmitted infections; IV=Intravenous; RH=Rhesus; CI=Confidence interval; OR=Odds ratio