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. 2019 Mar 29;10:634. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00634

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Copyright © 2019 Bracamonte-Baran, Chen, Hou, Talor, Choi, Davogustto, Taegtmeyer, Sung, Hackam, Nauen and Čiháková.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Naïve cardiac ILCs are an ILC type-2 committed population. (A) PLZF/Ki67 activation pattern of ILCs under different in vitro conditions: Media, IL-2+IL-7, IL-2+IL-7+IL-12 (to induce ILC1s), IL-2+IL-7+IL-33 (to induce ILC2s) and IL-2+IL-7+IL-23 (to induce ILC3s). (B) Flow cytometry plots show ILC1 (blue) and ILC3 (transparent red) differentiation under different conditions, based on Rorγt and Tbet expression. (C) Plots show undifferentiated ILCs (transparent orange) and ILC2s (gray) compartments after in vitro stimulation, based on KLRG1 and ST2 expression. (D) Comparison of PLZF⁺Ki67⁺ activated population in different conditions. (E) Comparison of different ILC subpopulations after in vitro stimulation. (F) Comparison of cytokine profile determined by ELISA under different stimulating conditions. In F, ***indicates significance of both bars with respect to all other conditions. Flow cytometry plots show median representative examples. Graphics show results of 1 of 4 independent experiments, each one made in triplicates for each condition. Bar graphs shows Mean and SD. Statistics calculated with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.