Yildirim 2005.

Methods	Single centre RCT of rapid vs standard pleurodesis with oxytetracycline (Turkey)
Participants	Symptomatic MPE, confirmed on cytology or pleural biopsy 27 participants randomised
Interventions	12 Fr drain inserted. Pleurodesis agent: oxytetracycline 35 mg/kg Standard protocol: drainage until lung re‐expansion & fluid drainage < 150 ml/day. Then pleurodesis as a single dose. Drain clamped for six hours and removed when < 150 ml/day drainage Rapid protocol: pleurodesis given as 4 divided doses, every six hours after aspiration through the drain
Outcomes	Response to pleurodesis (CR/PR/Failure) as defined by radiological recurrence and need for thoracentesis
Notes	People with trapped lung not excluded Not included in network meta‐analysis
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Random number table
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Random number table
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Unable to blind as different durations of drainage and aspiration schedules
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Symptom recurrence and duration of hospital stay may be biased by lack of blinding. Mortality not biased by lack of blinding
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Missing data well balanced between the groups. At one month 2/27 had died and were therefore non‐evaluable
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All stated outcomes reported
Other bias	Low risk	No other biases identified