Table 1. Baseline Characteristics by Exposure Status at Study Cohort Entrya.
| Variable | AP Prescription Used at Cohort Entry | |
|---|---|---|
| Aripiprazole | Other AP Drug | |
| All patients, No. | 1643 | 1643 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 42.1 (16.8) | 42.4 (17.1) |
| Age group, y, No. (%) | ||
| 13-17 | 181 (11.0) | 181 (11.0) |
| 18-30 | 338 (20.6) | 338 (20.6) |
| 31-40 | 393 (23.9) | 393 (23.9) |
| 41-50 | 361 (22.0) | 361 (22.0) |
| 51-60 | 171 (10.4) | 171 (10.4) |
| 61-70 | 85 (5.2) | 85 (5.2) |
| ≥71 | 114 (6.9) | 114 (6.9) |
| Male, No. (%) | 694 (42.2) | 772 (47.0) |
| Year of cohort entry, No. (%) | ||
| 2005-2008 | 439 (26.7) | 509 (31.0) |
| 2009-2011 | 554 (33.7) | 599 (36.5) |
| 2012-2016 | 650 (39.6) | 535 (32.6) |
| Time since the first AP initiation, mean (SD), y | 2.4 (2.5) | 2.4 (2.5) |
| Comorbidities, No. (%) | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||
| <25 | 459 (27.9) | 452 (27.5) |
| 25-30 | 397 (24.2) | 398 (24.2) |
| >30 | 394 (24.0) | 387 (23.6) |
| Unknown | 393 (23.9) | 406 (24.7) |
| Smoking status | ||
| Never | 465 (28.3) | 494 (30.1) |
| Ever | 1145 (69.7) | 1112 (67.7) |
| Unknown | 33 (2.0) | 37 (2.3) |
| Alcohol abuse | 102 (6.2) | 92 (5.6) |
| Psychiatric diagnosis, No. (%) | ||
| Schizophrenia | 694 (42.2) | 694 (42.2) |
| Bipolar disorder | 220 (13.4) | 220 (13.4) |
| Depression | 325 (19.8) | 325 (19.8) |
| Other psychiatric diagnosesb | 37 (2.3) | 37 (2.3) |
| Unknown | 367 (22.3) | 367 (22.3) |
| Coronary artery disease | 33 (2.0) | 32 (2.0) |
| Hypertension | 127 (7.7) | 109 (6.6) |
| Diabetesc | 124 (7.6) | 97 (5.9) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 98 (6.0) | 91 (5.5) |
| Stroke | 33 (2.0) | 28 (1.7) |
| Dementia | 33 (2.0) | 29 (1.8) |
| No. of psychiatric consultations, No. (%)d | ||
| 0 | 638 (38.8) | 747 (45.5) |
| 1-3 | 575 (35.0) | 558 (34.0) |
| ≥4 | 430 (26.2) | 338 (20.6) |
| Severity 6 mo before cohort entry, No. (%) | ||
| No. of AP prescriptions, mean (SD) | 3.6 (4.1) | 2.8 (4.1) |
| No. of different AP prescriptions, mean (SD) | 0.9 (0.5) | 0.7 (0.6) |
| Psychiatric admission | 300 (18.3) | 370 (22.5) |
| Self-harm | 49 (3.0) | 75 (4.6) |
| Most recent AP prescription before switch, No. (%) | ||
| Olanzapine | 581 (35.1) | 479 (29.1) |
| Quetiapine fumarate | 475 (28.7) | 291 (17.7) |
| Risperidone | 383 (23.1) | 372 (22.6) |
| Haloperidol lactate | 40 (2.4) | 99 (6.0) |
| Chlorpromazine hydrochloride | 36 (2.2) | 102 (6.2) |
| FGA | 156 (9.5) | 446 (27.1) |
| SGA | 1501 (91.4) | 1201 (73.1) |
| Other psychotropic drugs, No. (%)d | ||
| Antidepressants | 1172 (71.3) | 1137 (69.2) |
| Mood stabilizers | 234 (14.2) | 261 (15.9) |
| Sedative/hypnotics | 524 (31.9) | 544 (33.1) |
| ADHD medication | 15 (0.9) | 9 (0.6) |
| Drug used in alcohol dependence, No. (%) | 18 (1.1) | 18 (1.1) |
| Other drug type, No. (%)d | ||
| Antihypertensive | 332 (20.2) | 312 (19.0) |
| Lipid lowering | 210 (12.78) | 185 (11.3) |
| Antiplatelet | 133 (8.1) | 117 (7.1) |
| Glucose lowering | 93 (5.7) | 77 (4.7) |
| Drug class, No. (%)d | ||
| 0-3 | 556 (33.8) | 557 (33.9) |
| 4-8 | 582 (35.4) | 564 (34.3) |
| ≥9 | 505 (30.7) | 522 (31.8) |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; AP, antipsychotic; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); FGA, first generation of antipsychotics; SGA, second generation of antipsychotics.
A patient starting aripiprazole was matched 1:1 to a patient starting another AP drug on the basis of calendar year of cohort entry (within 5 years), time since the first antipsychotic prescription (within 6 months), psychiatric disease history (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, other psychiatric diseases, or unknown), age (in categories) and time-conditional propensity score.
Other psychiatric diagnoses include ADHD, autism, obsessive compulsive disorders, and personality disorders.
Diabetes type 1 or 2.
Measured in the year before cohort entry.