Table 1. Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Randomized Participants.
| Variable | MGH (n = 65)a | RIH (n = 55) | Site Difference P Valueb |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographicsc | |||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 32.2 (12.8) | 36.0 (13.1) | .11 |
| Male, No. (%) | 19 (29.2) | 9 (16.4) | .10 |
| Race/ethnicity, No. (%) | .12 | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 52 (80.0) | 48 (87.3) | |
| White, Hispanic | 3 (4.6) | 1 (1.8) | |
| Black | 2 (3.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 6 (9.2) | 1 (1.8) | |
| Other | 2 (3.1) | 5 (9.1) | |
| Education, No. (%) | .04 | ||
| ≤High school graduate | 6 (9.2) | 11 (20.0) | |
| Technical school/some college | 14 (21.5) | 18 (32.7) | |
| College graduate | 27 (41.5) | 11 (20.0) | |
| Graduate or professional school | 18 (27.7) | 15 (27.3) | |
| Marital status, No. (%) | .13 | ||
| Single, never married | 43 (66.2) | 30 (54.5) | |
| Married | 8 (12.3) | 15 (27.3) | |
| Other | 14 (21.5) | 10 (18.2) | |
| Employment, No. (%) | .48 | ||
| Full-time (≥35 h/wk) | 29 (44.6) | 17 (30.9) | |
| Part-time (<35 h/wk) | 15 (23.1) | 12 (21.8) | |
| Student | 7 (10.8) | 7 (12.7) | |
| Unemployed | 9 (13.8) | 13 (23.6) | |
| Other | 5 (7.7) | 6 (10.9) | |
| Current psychiatric comorbidities | |||
| DSM-IV Axis I diagnoses (>5% prevalence), No. (%)d | |||
| Social anxiety disorder | 26 (40.0) | 18 (32.7) | .45 |
| Major depressive disorder | 19 (29.7) | 20 (36.4) | .56 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 18 (27.7) | 14 (25.5) | .84 |
| Specific phobia | 12 (18.5) | 5 (9.1) | .19 |
| Dysthymia | 10 (15.4) | 5 (9.1) | .41 |
| Excoriation (skin picking) disorder | 8 (12.3) | 7 (12.7) | >.99 |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | 11 (16.9) | 4 (7.3) | .17 |
| Panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia) | 8 (12.3) | 4 (7.3) | .54 |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 7 (10.8) | 5 (9.1) | >.99 |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder | 7 (10.8) | 4 (7.3) | .55 |
| Olfactory reference syndrome | 5 (7.7) | 3 (5.5) | .73 |
| Other Axis I diagnosise | 12 (18.5) | 9 (16.5) | .81 |
| DSM-IV Axis II diagnoses (>5% prevalence), No. (%)d | |||
| Avoidant personality disorder | 39 (60.0) | 15 (27.3) | <.001 |
| Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder | 16 (24.6) | 7 (12.7) | .11 |
| Paranoid personality disorder | 9 (13.8) | 5 (9.1) | .57 |
| Dependent personality disorder | 6 (9.2) | 1 (1.8) | .12 |
| Other Axis II diagnosisf | 5 (7.7) | 3 (5.5) | .73 |
| Current psychotropic medication, No. (%)d | |||
| None | 40 (61.5) | 25 (45.5) | .10 |
| Serotonin reuptake inhibitor | 17 (26.6) | 14 (25.5) | >.99 |
| Benzodiazepine | 6 (9.4) | 13 (23.6) | .04 |
| Non-SRI antidepressant | 6 (9.4) | 11 (20.0) | .12 |
| Anticonvulsant | 4 (6.3) | 6 (10.9) | .51 |
| Antipsychotic | 1 (1.6) | 5 (9.1) | .09 |
| Other psychotropic medication | 8 (12.5) | 9 (16.5) | .61 |
| Clinical characteristics, mean (SD) | |||
| BDD-YBOCS total score | 32.6 (5.0) | 31.0 (4.5) | .07 |
| BABS total score | 16.4 (4.2) | 16.3 (4.5) | .94 |
| BDI-II total score | 21.9 (13.1) | 21.2 (12.1) | .76 |
| SDS total score | 17.2 (5.4) | 16.5 (6.3) | .52 |
| QLESQ-SF percentage score | 51.9 (15.0) | 47.2 (16.5) | .11 |
Abbreviations: BABS, Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (total score range: 0-24, with higher scores indicating poorer insight about symptoms; mean scores are in the poor insight range); BDD, body dysmorphic disorder; BDD-YBOCS, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for BDD (score range: 0-48, with higher scores indicating higher symptom severity); BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition (total score range: 0-63, with higher scores indicating greater depression severity); MGH, Massachusetts General Hospital; QLESQ-SF, Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (score range: 0%-100%, with higher scores indicating greater quality of life); RIH, Rhode Island Hospital; SDS, Sheehan Disability Scale (score range: 0-30, with higher scores indicating greater functional impairment); SRI, serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
Missing data: MDD diagnosis (MGH n = 1), all psychotropic medication categories other than “none” (MGH n = 1).
Site differences were evaluated with a 2-sample, unpaired, 2-tailed t test for continuous variables and Fisher exact tests for categorical variables.
Percentages for race/ethnicity, education, and employment do not add to 100 in all cases because of rounding.
Percentages for Axis I diagnoses, Axis II diagnoses, and current psychotropic medication may add up to more than 100% because participants could have multiple comorbidities or medications.
Other diagnosis includes bipolar I disorder (n = 1), agoraphobia without panic disorder (n = 4), pain disorder (n = 2), undifferentiated somatoform disorder (n = 1), hypochondriasis (n = 3), anorexia (n = 1), eating disorder not otherwise specified (n = 9), or chronic motor tic disorder (n = 2). Some participants had more than 1 other Axis I diagnosis.
Other diagnosis includes schizotypal (n = 2), schizoid (n = 1), narcissistic (n = 2), antisocial (n = 3), or not otherwise specified (n = 1) personality disorder. Some participants had more than 1 other Axis II diagnosis.