Table 2. Neonatal Outcomes: Univariate and Multivariable Analyses.
| Outcome | No. (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Propensity Score–Matched OR (95% CI)e | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DCC (n = 1852) | ICC (n = 2828) | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | Model 4d | ||
| Composite outcome of severe neurological injury or mortalityf | 379 (20.5) | 726 (25.7) | 0.85 (0.73-0.98)g | 0.91 (0.78-1.06) | 0.80 (0.67-0.96)g | 0.85 (0.73-0.98)g | 0.89 (0.77-1.04) |
| Mortality | 206 (11.1) | 478 (16.9) | 0.71 (0.59-0.86)g | 0.77 (0.64-0.93)g | 0.74 (0.59-0.93)g | 0.71 (0.55-0.92)g | 0.79 (0.65-0.95)g |
| Severe neurological injuryf | 230 (12.4) | 396 (14) | 0.96 (0.80-1.14) | 1.01 (0.84-1.21) | 0.80 (0.64-0.99)g | 0.96 (0.77-1.19) | 1.01 (0.83-1.22) |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | 540 (32.6) | 851 (35.9) | 0.93 (0.81-1.07) | 0.99 (0.86-1.14) | 1.00 (0.84-1.19) | 0.93 (0.70-1.23) | 0.99 (0.86-1.14) |
| Retinopathy of prematurity stage ≥3 | 148 (11.8) | 245 (12.5) | 1.07 (0.85-1.35) | 1.11 (0.88-1.40) | 0.94 (0.71-1.25) | 1.07 (0.71-1.62) | 1.27 (0.99-1.62) |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis stage ≥2 | 145 (7.8) | 267 (9.5) | 0.84 (0.68-1.05) | 0.84 (0.68-1.04) | 0.86 (0.66-1.12) | 0.84 (0.66-1.08) | 0.90 (0.71-1.14) |
| Late-onset sepsis | 374 (20.2) | 715 (25.3) | 0.77 (0.67-0.89)g | 0.78 (0.68-0.91)g | 1.02 (0.85-1.22) | 0.77 (0.62-0.96)g | 0.81 (0.69-0.95)g |
| Jaundice treated with phototherapy | 268 (14.5) | 280 (10.0) | 1.54 (1.29-1.85)g | 1.58 (1.31-1.90)g | NA | 1.54 (0.55-4.35) | 1.58 (1.28-1.95)g |
| Hypotension treated with inotropes and fluid boluses | 134 (7.2) | 302 (10.7) | 0.73 (0.59-0.91)g | 0.81 (0.65-1.01) | NA | 0.73 (0.50-1.07) | 0.75 (0.60-0.95)g |
| Receipt of ≥2 blood transfusions | 535 (28.9) | 997 (35.3) | 0.84 (0.74-0.96)g | 0.88 (0.77-1.01) | 0.93 (0.79-1.10) | 0.84 (0.67-1.06) | 0.90 (0.79-1.04) |
Abbreviations: DCC, deferred cord clamping; ICC, immediate cord clamping; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio.
Model 1 was adjusted for prenatal variables, including maternal receipt of antenatal steroids, cesarean delivery, and gestational age.
Model 2 was adjusted for prenatal and immediate postnatal variables: model 1 variables, Apgar score at 5 minutes lower than 7, need for extensive cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and need for mechanical ventilation.
Model 3 was adjusted for model 2 variables and center.
Hierarchical model 4 clustered by site was adjusted for maternal receipt of antenatal steroids, cesarean delivery, and gestational age.
Propensity score–based adjusted for gestational age, sex, mode of delivery (cesarean delivery vs vaginal delivery), and maternal receipt of antenatal steroids. There were 1783 pairs in each group included in the analysis.
Severe neurological injury includes intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 and greater with or without persistent periventricular echogenicity.
P < .05.