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. 2019 Mar 29;10:350. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00350

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Copyright © 2019 Tomek, Hao, Tomková, Lewis, Carr, Paterson, Rodriguez, Bub and Herring.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Langendorff heart overview. (A) Schematic depiction of the positioning of stimulator and the mapped area (L/R, left/right; A/V, atrium/ventricle). (B) An example of the mapped field of view in an infarcted heart. (C) A schematic illustration of the pacing and stimulation protocol. AM, alternans mapping; +NE, norepinephrine (1 μmol/L) for 15 min; +Meto, metoprolol (10 μmol/L) for 15 min. After each AM instance, the heart was not stimulated for 2–3 min for the heart rate to stabilize before the following measurement took place.