Table 3.
Mean non-controlled effect sizes of the comparators in Hedges’ g (g = 0.02 small; g = 0.05 medium; g = 0.08 large) (Cohen, 1992).
| Effect sizes |
Heterogeneity |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| k | Mean | −95% CI* | 95% CI | p-value | Q* | df* | p-value | |
| All comparators | ||||||||
| PTSD* pre–post | 17 | 0.77 | 0.41 | 1.12 | .000 | 162.81 | 16 | .000 |
| PTSD pre–FU* | 12 | 1.08 | 0.55 | 1.62 | .000 | 95.48 | 11 | .000 |
| Depression pre–post | 13 | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.59 | .010 | 43.18 | 12 | .000 |
| Depression pre–FU | 9 | 0.67 | 0.26 | 1.12 | .002 | 37.07 | 8 | .000 |
| Active comparators | ||||||||
| PTSD pre–post | 8 | 0.69 | 0.22 | 1.16 | .004 | 39.24 | 7 | .000 |
| PTSD pre–FU | 5 | 0.57 | −0.17 | 1.32 | .133 | 32.45 | 4 | .000 |
| Depression pre–post | 3 | 0.31 | −0.06 | 0.67 | .100 | 1.233 | 5 | .030 |
| Depression pre–FU | 3 | 0.47 | −0.10 | 1.04 | .108 | 3.79 | 2 | .150 |
| Active TF* comparators | ||||||||
| PTSD pre–post | 2 | 1.79 | 1.02 | 2.56 | .000 | 3.37 | 1 | .066 |
| PTSD pre–FU | 2 | 1.50 | 0.30 | 2.71 | .015 | 7.20 | 1 | .007 |
| Depression pre–post | 1 | 0.97 | 0.41 | 1.54 | .001 | 0.00 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Depression pre–FU | 1 | 1.14 | 0.50 | 1.79 | .001 | 0.00 | 0 | 1.000 |
| Non–active comparators | ||||||||
| PTSD pre–post | 9 | 0.19 | −0.08 | 0.47 | .163 | 35.10 | 8 | .000 |
| PTSD pre–FU | 7 | 1.40 | 0.54 | 2.26 | .001 | 71.23 | 6 | .000 |
| Depression pre–post | 7 | 0.05 | −0.09 | 0.19 | .498 | 1.32 | 6 | .97 |
| Depression pre–FU | 6 | 0.54 | −0.01 | 1.09 | .052 | 32.00 | 5 | .000 |
*PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; FU, follow-up; TF, trauma-focused; CI, confidence interval; Q, Cochrane’s heterogeneity statistic; df, degrees of freedom.