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. 2019 Mar 22;21(3):e10335. doi: 10.2196/10335

Table 1.

Characteristics of women having planned births at home or in a freestanding midwifery unit, and of their partners.

Characteristic Delivery location Relative risk (95% CI) F (df1,df2) P value

At home (n=321) In a freestanding midwifery unit (n=103) Overall (N=424)


Maternal characteristics






Age (years), mean (SD) 33.5 (4.6) 33.9 (4.9) 33.6 (4.7)
1.13 (320,102) .41

Age group (years), n (%)







18-24 9 (2.8) 3 (2.9) 12 (2.8) 0.98 (0.70-1.37)



25-34 171 (53.3) 52 (50.5) 223 (52.6) Reference



≥35 141 (43.9) 48 (46.6) 189 (46.6) 0.97 (0.87-1.09)


Residential area, n (%)







Large city 117 (42.1) 41 (50.0) 158 (43.9) Reference



Medium-size city 111 (39.9) 21 (25.6) 132 (36.7) 1.14 (1.01-1.28)



Small town 50 (18.0) 20 (24.4) 70 (19.4) 0.96 (0.81-1.15)



Missing 43 21 64



Marital status, n (%)







Married and/or cohabiting 229 (71.3) 74 (71.8) 303 (71.4) Reference



Other 92 (28.8) 29 (28.2) 121 (28.6) 1.25 (1.10-1.42)


Number of children, n (%)







First 100 (32.9) 51 (54.3) 151 (37.9) Reference



Second or more 204 (67.1) 43 (45.7) 247 (62.1) 1.25 (1.10-1.42)



Missing 17 9 26



First delivery >35 years, n (%)







Yes 22 (6.9) 20 (19.4) 42 (9.9) 0.67 (0.50-0.90)



No 299 (93.1) 83 (80.6) 382 (90.1) Reference


Level of education, n (%)







Primary 5 (1.6) 3 (2.9) 8 (1.9) Reference



Secondary 102 (31.9) 29 (28.2) 131 (31.0) 1.25 (0.72-2.15)



Postsecondary 214 (66.6) 71 (68.6) 285 (67.1) 1.20 (0.70-2.06)


Occupational status before index birth, n (%)






Working 246 (76.6) 85 (82.4) 331 (78.0) Reference



Not working 75 (23.4) 18 (17.6) 93 (22.0) 1.08 (0.96-1.22)


Annual income (€), n (%)







<20,000 41 (15.1) 10 (10.5) 51 (13.9) Reference



20,000-29,000 109 (40.1) 33 (34.7) 142 (38.7) 0.95 (0.81-1.12)



≥30,000 122 (44.9) 52 (54.7) 174 (47.4) 0.57 (0.74-1.03)



Missing 49 8 57



Diet, n (%)







Omnivorous 238 (74.1) 80 (77.7) 318 (75.0) Reference



Other 83 (25.9) 23 (22.3) 106 (25.0) 1.05 (0.93-1.18)


Smoker, n (%)







Yes 10 (3.1) 7 (6.8) 17 (4.0) 0.77 (0.52-1.15)



No 311 (96.9) 96 (93.2) 407 (96.0) Reference

Partner characteristics






Age (years), mean (SD) 36.7 (5.5) 37.7 (6.2) 37.0 (5.6)
1.27 (306,96) .12

Level of education, n (%)







Primary 25 (7.9) 8 (7.9) 33 (7.9) Reference



Secondary 134 (42.5) 47 (46.5) 181 (43.5) 0.98 (0.79-1.21)



Postsecondary 156 (49.5) 46 (45.5) 202 (48.6) 1.02 (0.83-1.25)



Missing 6 2 8



Occupational status, n (%)







Working 312 (98.7) 101 (100.0) 413 (99.0) Reference



Not working 4 (1.3) 0 4 (1.0) 1.32 (1.25-1.40)



Missing 5 2 7