Table 2.
Birth-related characteristics and birth outcomes of women having planned births at home or in a freestanding midwifery unit.
| Characteristics | Delivery location | Relative risk (95% CI) | Z | F (df1,df2) | P value | ||||||||
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At home (n=321) | In a freestanding midwifery unit (n=103) | Overall (N=424) |
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| Birth-related |
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Gestational age (weeks), median (IQRa) | 40 (1) | 40 (1) | 40 (1) |
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0.75 |
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.45 | |||||
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Birthweight (g), mean (SD) | 3419.6 (451.4) | 3397.1 (392.8) | 3414.1 (437.3) |
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1.32 (312,102) | .22 | |||||
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Small for gestational age, n (%) |
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Yes | 23 (7.2) | 14 (13.6) | 37 (8.7) | 0.81 (0.62-1.04) |
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No | 298 (92.8) | 89 (86.4) | 387 (91.3) | Reference |
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Position in delivering, n (%) |
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Lying down | 46 (14.3) | 30 (29.1) | 76 (17.9) | 0.94 (0.75-1.17) |
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Squatting | 75 (23.4) | 41 (39.8) | 116 (27.4) | Reference |
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Kneeling | 18 (5.6) | 1 (1.0) | 19 (4.5) | 1.47 (1.23-1.74) |
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On all fours | 130 (40.5) | 16 (15.5) | 146 (34.4) | 1.38 (1.19-1.59) |
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On the side | 32 (10.0) | 15 (14.6) | 47 (11.1) | 1.05 (0.83-1.34) |
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Others | 20 (6.2) | 0 | 20 (4.7) | —b |
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— | ||||
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Number of midwives at delivery, n (%) |
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1 | 23 (7.2) | 1 (1.0) | 24 (5.7) | 1.29 (1.16-1.42) |
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≥2 | 298 (92.8) | 102 (99.0) | 400 (94.3) | Reference |
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Cord clamping (min), mean (SD) | 84.2 (106.7) | 88.8 (44.8) | 85.3 (95.4) |
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1.25 (224,71) | .18 | |||||
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Uterotonic agent use, n (%) |
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Yes | 98 (30.5) | 45 (43.7) | 143 (24.3) | 1.43 (1.09-1.88) |
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No | 223 (69.5) | 58 (56.3) | 281 (75.7) | Reference |
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Lotus, n (%) |
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Yes | 76 (23.7) | 27 (26.2) | 103 (24.3) | 0.97 (0.85-1.10) |
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No | 245 (76.3) | 76 (73.8) | 321 (75.7) | Reference |
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Exclusive breastfeeding at 10 days, n (%) |
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Yes | 314 (93.7) | 100 (97.1) | 414 (94.6) | Reference |
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No | 7 (2.2) | 3 (2.9) | 10 (2.4) | 0.92 (0.61-1.39) |
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| Birth outcomes |
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Postpartum hemorrhage, n (%) |
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≤500 mL | 292 (91.0) | 97 (94.2) | 389 (91.7) | Reference |
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>500 mL | 29 (9.0) | 6 (5.8) | 35 (8.3) | 1.61 (0.65-3.98) |
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Perineal tear (degree), n (%) |
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None | 171 (53.3) | 57 (55.3) | 228 (53.8) | Reference |
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First | 103 (32.1) | 33 (32.0) | 136 (32.1) | 1.01 (0.89-1.74) |
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Second | 45 (14.0) | 12 (11.7) | 57 (13.4) | 1.05 (0.90-1.23) |
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Third | 0 | 0 | 0 | — |
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— | ||||
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Fourth | 0 | 0 | 0 | — |
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— | ||||
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Mother’s postpartum hospitalization (within 1 week of delivery), n | 1 | 0 | 1 | — |
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— | |||||
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Newborn’s hospitalization (within 1 week of birth), n | 8 | 0 | 8 | — |
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— | |||||
aIQR: interquartile range.
bCannot be calculated because the frequency is 0.