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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2019 Jan 30;45:53–64. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.01.002

Figure 3. A proposed model to explain how PGRN acts as a conductor of a receptors orchestra and how PGRN regulates growth factors/cytokines indirectly through associating with extracellualr matrix “reservoirs”.

Figure 3.

PGRN may bind to multiple receptors and mediate the signaling and activities of various receptors simultaneously and/or synergistically. Except for direct binding to membrane receptors, PGRN regulates various signaling pathways through its associated ECM molecules, which leads to the indirect modulation of various growth factors and/or cytokines implicated in diverse conditions.