Table 1. Demographic characteristics of study sample and prevalence of hypertension in individual studies.
| Primary Reference | Data collection period | Sub-region in Africa | Country | Location | Type of residence | Type of community-based participants | Enrolled sample size sex | Response rate | Age in years | Prevalence ≥140/90 mmHg | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Total | Enrolment | BP measured | Range | % aged 70+ years | Mean age ± sd | Men | Women | Total | |||||||
| Abegunde 2013 [41] | Western | Nigeria | Oyo State | Mixed | Adults aged ≥60 years | 245 | 385 | 630 | 98.4 | 95.2 | 60–110 | 57.9 | 72.2 ± 9.5 (urban), 70.8 ± 8.1 (rural) | NR | NR | 36.5 | |
| Chami 2015 [42] | 15 Jan 2012–15 Jun 2012 | Northern | Algeria | Municipality of Sidi Bel-Abbes | Urban | Adults aged ≥65 years with diabetes | 159 | 234 | 393 | 92.5 | 100.0 | NR | NR | 75.9 ± 7.1 | NR | NR | 78.1 |
| Dewhurst 2013 [43] | 1 Nov 2009–31 Jul 2010 | Eastern | Tanzania | Hai district | Rural | Adults aged ≥70 years | 972 | 1251 | 2223 | 93.5 | 99.6 | NR | 100.0 | NR | 62.2 | 75.8 | 69.9 |
| Duboz 2015 [44] | Ferlo, Aug 2010; Dakar 2008 | Western | Senegal | Ferlo village; Dakar city | Mixed | Adults aged ≥50 years | 285 | 413 | 698 | NR | 100.0 | NR | 30.2 | Dakar 65.37 ± 9.93; Ferlo 62.22 ± 8.73 | NR | NR | 59.2 |
| El Tallawy 2012 [45] | 1 Apr 2005–31 Jul 2005 | Northern | Egypt | Al Kharga district | Adults aged ≥50 years | NR | NR | 219 | >99% | 74.9 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 31.1 | |
| Fajemilehin 2005 [46] | Western | Nigeria | Ife Central, Ilesa West and Obokun LGAs in Osun State | Mixed | Adults ≥60 years | NR | NR | 681 | 97.2 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 68.1 | ||
| Gray 2016 [47] | Jan 2013—May 2013 | Eastern | Tanzania | Hai district | Rural | Elderly people aged ≥70 years | 835 | 1038 | 1873 | 83.9 | 99.6 | NR | 100.0 | NR | NR | NR | 73.2 |
| Guerchet 2012A [48] | Sept 2008—Mar 2009 | Central | CAR | Bangui | Urban | Adults aged ≥65 years | NR | NR | 496 | 97.4 | 99.6 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 51.8 |
| Guerchet 2012B [48] | Sept 2008—Mar 2009 | Central | Congo | Brazzaville | Urban | Adults aged ≥65 years | NR | NR | 520 | 95.2 | 99.8 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 55.7 |
| Hammami 2011 [49] | Dec 2008—Feb 2009 | Northern | Tunisia | Centre-ouest | Urban | Adults aged ≥65 years | 202 | 396 | 598 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 65–95 | 62.0 | 72.3 ± 7.4 | 45.0 | 55.6 | 52.0 |
| Hien 2014 [50] | Aug 2012- Dec 2012 | Western | Burkina Faso | Bobo-Dioulasso | Urban | Elderly aged ≥60 years | 215 | 174 | 389 | 100.0 | 100.0 | NR | 39.3 | 69 ± 7 | 79.1 | 86.2 | 82.3 |
| Ice 2008 [51] | 2005 | Eastern | Kenya | Nyando, and Kisumu Rural districts in Nyanza province | Rural | Grandparent caregivers and non-caregivers aged >60 years | 138 | 149 | 287 | NR | 100.0 | NR | NR | 72.6 ± 7.6 | NR | NR | 24.4 |
| Iribhogbe 2013 [52] | Aug 2012—Oct 2012 | Western | Nigeria | Ekpoma Esan West Local Government Area of Edo State | Urban | Church attendants aged ≥50 years | 100 | 100 | 200 | 100.0 | 100.0 | NR | 23.5 | 67.55 ± 16.61 | 58.0 | 35.0 | 46.5 |
| Ivy 2015 [53] | 6 March 2013–1 June 2013 | Eastern | Tanzania | Hai district | Rural | Adults aged ≥70 years in 2 villages | 42 | 37 | 79 | 95.2 | 100.0 | NR | 100.0 | median 76y | NR | NR | 78.5 |
| Kamoun 2006 [40] | Oct 2000—Sept 2001 | Northern | Tunisia | National | Mixed | Adults aged ≥65 years | 487 | 494 | 981 | 98.2 | 100.0 | 65–104 | 65.3 | 73.1 ± 6.8 | NR | NR | 69.8 |
| Kinyanda 2016 [54] | June 2009—Apr 2010 | Eastern | Uganda | Rural area of Masaka district, and peri-urban Wakiso district | Mixed | Adults aged ≥50 years participating in the Wellbeing of Older People’s Cohort Study | 176 | 292 | 468 | 99.4 | 100.0 | NR | 31.8 | NR | NR | NR | 37.2 |
| Koopman 2012 [55] | 2009 | Western | Ghana | Garu-Tempane District | Rural | Registered adults aged ≥50 years | 480 | 444 | 924 | 85.4 | 100.0 | NR | 35.3 | NR | 25.6 | 22.5 | 24.1 |
| Lasisi 2010 [56] | 2008 | Western | Nigeria | 8 contiguous Yoruba-speaking states in the Nigeria | Mixed | Adults aged ≥65 years | NR | NR | 1474 | 78.7 | 12.5 | NR | 92.2 | NR | NR | NR | 22.3 |
| Macia 2012 [57] | Jan 2009—Jun 2009 | Western | Senegal | Dakar | Urban | Adults aged ≥50 years | 263 | 237 | 500 | NR | 100.0 | NR | 19.2 | NR | 63.9 | 67.1 | 65.4 |
| Mathenge 2010 [58] | Jan 2007—Dec 2008 | Eastern | Kenya | Nakurua district | Mixed | Adults aged ≥50 years | 2095 | 2301 | 4396 | 87.7 | 100.0 | 50–80+ | 26.4 | NR | NR | NR | 50.1 |
| Minicuci 2014 [59] | Jan 2007—Dec 2008 | Western | Ghana | National | Mixed | Adults aged ≥50 years | 2348 | 2376 | 4724 | 95.9 | 100.0 | NR | 32.5 | NR | 51.5 | 50.7 | 51.1 |
| Mkhize 2013 [60] | 2008 | Northern | South Africa | Umlazi, Kwazulu Natal | Registered pensioners aged ≥60 years | 46 | 224 | 270 | NR | 100.0 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 90.0 | |
| Mugisha 2013 [61] | Jan 2012—Jan 2013 | Eastern | Uganda | Kalungu district | Rural | Adults aged ≥50 years | 605 | 844 | 1449 | 72.3 | 100.0 | NR | 27.7 | median 62 | 36.5 | 38.3 | 37.5 |
| Nuertey 2017 [62] | Apr 2014—Dec 2014 | Western | Ghana | National | Mixed | Registered pensioners who presented for medical screening | 3069 | 1402 | 4471 | 93.0 | 99.2 | Min 56 | 28.5 | 67.2 ± 5.4 | NR | NR | 47.8 |
| Ochayi 2006 [63] | Jan 2002—Dec 2002 | Western | Nigeria | Jos South Local Government Area | Mixed | Adults aged ≥65 years | 136 | 144 | 280 | 94.9 | 100.0 | NR | NR | 73.0 ± 9.0 | NR | NR | 39.6 |
| Ogunniyi 2011A [64] | 2001–2007 | Western | Nigeria | Elderly Yoruba residents 65+ years in Idikan Ward of Ibadan City, Nigeria | Mixed | Non-demented subjects aged ≥65 years from a 2001 baseline cohort | 892 | 1826 | 2718 | Number eligible in 2001 not reported | 99.5 | NR | NR | 76.18 ± 5.35; 77.51 ± 6.03 | NR | NR | 62.1 |
| Ogunniyi 2011B [64] | 2001–2007 | Western | Nigeria | Elderly Yoruba residents 65+ years in Idikan Ward of Ibadan City, Nigeria | Mixed | Non-demented subjects aged ≥65 years from the 2001 evaluation wave who were re-evaluated during the 2004 and 2007 waves for dementia | 543 | 1210 | 1753 | 64.5 | 64.5 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 60.9 |
| Osman 2017 [65] | Nov 2016—Dec 2016 | Western | Ghana | 4 districts in Ashanti Region | Mixed | Adults aged ≥65 years | 135 | 265 | 400 | 100.0 | 100.0 | NR | NR | NR | 57.8 | 52.5 | 54.3 |
| Paddick 2015 [66] | Apr 2010—Mar 2014 | Eastern | Tanzania | Hai district | Rural | Adults aged ≥70 years with mild cognitive impairment | 10 | 36 | 46 | 15.5 | 15.5 | NR | 100.0 | NR | NR | NR | 69.6 |
| Peltzer 2013 [67] | 2007 | Southern | South Africa | National | Mixed | Adults aged ≥ 50 years | 1638 | 2202 | 3840 | 60.0 | 95.6 | NR | 23.8 | 74.4 | 79.6 | 77.4 | |
| Pilleron 2017A [68] | Nov 2011—Dec 2012 | Central | CAR | Bangui, Nola | Mixed | Adults aged ≥65 years | 366 | 601 | 967 | 94.7 | 100.0 | 65–93 | 60.4 | 72.8 ± 6.5, 72.6 ± 6.4 | NR | NR | 53.7 |
| Pilleron 2017B [68] | Nov 2011—Dec 2012 | Central | Congo | Brazzaville, Gamboma | Mixed | Adults aged ≥65 years | 400 | 623 | 1023 | 94.7 | 100.0 | 65–99 | 66.8 | 74.0 ± 6.9; 73.6 ± 6.7 | NR | NR | 68.0 |
| Putnam 2018 [69] | 29 Feb 2016–13 May 2016 | Eastern | Tanzania | Hai district | Rural | Sub-sample of a cohort aged ≥70 years who were seen at baseline in 2009/10, and also in 2012/13 | 116 | 130 | 246 | 59.7 | 100.0 | NR | 100.0 | NR | NR | NR | 67.5 |
| Raji 2017 [70] | Baseline cohort of 2003/2004 followed up in Wave 1 in 2007 | Western | Nigeria | 8 contiguous states in the Southwestern and North central regions | Mixed | Adults aged ≥ 65 years, part of Ibadan Study of Ageing | 660 | 809 | 1469 | 76.8 | 100.0 | NR | 79.0 | 76.9 ± 8.4 | 62.0 | 70.7 | 66.8 |
| Scholten 2011 [71] | Jun 2009—Apr 2010 | Eastern | Uganda | Rural area of Masaka district, and peri-urban Wakiso district | Mixed | Adults aged ≥50 years | 198 | 312 | 510 | >99% | 100.0 | NR | 34.9 | NR | 30.3 | 34.6 | 32.9 |
| Tianyi 2017 [72] | May 2013—July 2013 | Central | Cameroon | Batibo health district | Rural | Adults aged ≥50 years | 156 | 345 | 501 | 100.0 | 50–110 | 24.2 | 62.7 ± 9 | 60.9 | 55.7 | 57.3 | |
| Yerly 2013 [73] | 2004 | Eastern | Seychelles | National | Mixed | Adults aged 50 to 64 years | 151 | 178 | 329 | 83.7 | 93.2 | 50–64 | 0.0 | NR | NR | NR | 69.9 |
BP = blood pressure; CAR = Central African Republic; LGA = Local Government Area; NR = not reported, sd = standard deviation