Table 1:

Demographic and clinical characteristics of MDD patients classified by long-term treatment outcome, and healthy control subjects

	Major depressive disorder patients
Characteristic	Non-remitters (N=29)		Partial-remitters (N=26)		Full-remitters (N=37)		Healthy control subjects (N=58)
Age (years)	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
	51.0	16.0	46.1	15.5	42.6	12.4	43.8	16.4
Female	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
	19	66	16	62	23	62	24	41
Racea	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Caucasian	25	86	19	76	30	86	50	86
African American	1	3	1	4	0	0	2	3
Hispanic	3	10	3	12	5	14	2	3
Other	0	0	2	8	0	0	4	7
MRI exam indicationb	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
1. Assess for transient aphasia, ataxia, vertigo, altered mental state, one-sided transient sensation loss or numbness	10	35	7	27	9	24	18	31
2. Routine imaging	8	28	6	23	12	32	18	31
3. Chronic headaches and/or migraines	7	24	8	31	13	35	11	19
4. Rule out brain metastasis	1	3	3	12	0	0	10	17
5. Assess for transient syncope, dizziness, fainting	3	10	2	8	3	8	1	2
Medicationsc	Median	IQR	Median	IQR	Median	IQR	Median	IQR
Unique antidepressants	2	2-3	3	1-4	2	1-2	n/a	n/a
Total prescriptions	3	2-4	4	1-6	2	1-3	n/a	n/a
SSRI prescriptions	1	1-1	1	1-2	1	1-1	n/a	n/a
Non-SSRI prescriptions	2	1-3	2	1-2	1	1-1	n/a	n/a

Abbreviations: MDD, major depressive disorder; N, number of subjects; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; n/a, not applicable.

^aCaucasians were overrepresented in each group (p<0.001).

^bExam reasons did not differ by group (X²=15.43, df=12, p=0.22), and all exams were concluded unremarkable.

^cAntidepressant medications prescribed within 12 months prior to MRI. See supplemental Table S1 for more details on antidepressant prescriptions among MDD patients. Refractory patients were free of any ECT and TMS therapy in the 12 months prior to MRI exam.