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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mayo Clin Proc. 2019 Mar 11;94(4):643–651. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.08.037

TABLE 2.

Hazard Ratio of Incident Type 2 Diabetes by Thirds of Muscular Strength

Muscular
strength (thirds)		 N No. of
cases		 Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)
Model 1a Model 2b Model 3c
Lower 1560 88 1.00
[reference]		 1.00
[reference]		 1.00
[reference]
Middle 1559 63 0.61
(0.44-0.85)		 0.67
(0.48-0.92)		 0.68
(0.49-0.94)
Upper 1562 78 0.77
(0.56-1.04)		 0.96
(0.70-1.32)		 1.07
(0.78-1.48)
a

Adjusted for age (years) and sex.

b

Adjusted for model 1 plus BMI (kg/m2), current smoking status, heavy alcohol drinking (average intake of >7 drinks per week for women, and >14 drinks per week for men), parental history of diabetes, personal history of hypertension (blood pressure≥140/90 mmHg, or physician diagnosed hypertension), personal history of hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol ≥240 mg/dl, or physician diagnosed hypercholesterolemia), abnormal electrocardiogram, impaired fasting glucose, and meeting the aerobic PA guidelines (≥500 MET-min/week aerobic PA during leisure time in the three months before the examination).

c

Adjusted for model 2 plus cardiorespiratory fitness (METs).