Table 4.

Effects of Functional Limitations and SRCs on Change in Loneliness by Gender, Tobit Regression Estimates.^a.

	Men (n = 680)		Women (n = 708)
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 1	Model 2
Independent variables
Loneliness	0.93***b	0.94***b	0.72***b	0.71***b
Functional limitations	0.35***b	0.83***b	0.14*b	−0.37b
SRCsa
Married
Couple-centered	0.41	1.15**c	0.49†	0.29c
Volatile	0.58†	1.34**	1.32***	1.01**
Bickering	1.01**	1.96***b	0.97*	0.41b
Withdrawing	1.92**	2.75***b	1.31***	1.22***b
Unmarried
Family-focused	1.19**	1.93***	1.02***	0.97**
Supportive	0.67	1.21†	0.60*	0.56†
Taxing	1.72**	2.36***b	1.07**	0.72*b
Empty	0.64	1.62*	1.25**	1.13*
Interaction terms
Married
Couple-centered × functional limitations	—	−0.61**b	—	0.59†b
Volatile × functional limitations	—	−0.70***b	—	0.72*b
Bickering × functional limitations	—	−0.71***b	—	0.77*b
Withdrawing × functional limitations	—	0.81*b	—	0.38b
Unmarried
Family-focused × functional limitations	—	−0.65†b	—	0.40b
Supportive × functional limitations	—	1.33	—	0.35
Taxing × functional limitations	—	−0.40b	—	0.71*b
Empty × functional limitations	—	−0.79*b	—	0.47b
Intercept	−1.64***	−2.41***	−1.12***	−0.96***
Sigma	2.05	2.02	1.87	1.85

Source. National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), Waves 1 and 2.

Note. Estimates weighted and variances adjusted for stratification and clustering. Control variables omitted from the table. SRCs = social role configurations.

^a“Happy” SRC is the reference.

^bAdjusted Wald test for significant difference between men and women, p < .05.

^cAdjusted Wald test for significant difference between men and women, p < .10.

^†p < .10.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001 (two-tailed tests).