Table 3.
Univariable Associations Between Demographic Characteristics by Quartile of each Factor (n=1,973)
| Sweets, Dairy, coffee | Fried noodles, dumplings, rice, and meat |
Vegetables, fruit, tofu, and nuts |
P- value a |
|||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Q1 b |
Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||
| Age, mean (SD) | 52 ± 12 |
52 ± 13 |
53 ± 14 |
52 ± 15 |
0.67 | 58 ± 12 |
55 ± 13 |
52 ± 13 |
46 ± 13 |
<0.0 001 |
49 ± 13 |
51 ± 13 |
55 ± 13 |
56 ± 14 |
<0.00 01 |
|
|
Years in the United States |
11 ± 8 |
13 ± 10 |
14 ± 10 |
16 ± 12 |
<0.0 001 |
14 ± 12 |
14 ± 11 |
13 ± 10 |
12 ± 9 |
0.00 09 |
13 ± 10 |
13 ± 10 |
13 ± 11 |
13 ± 10 |
0.51 | |
| Female, (%) | 52. 1 |
58. 8 |
50. 8 |
54. 0 |
0.06 |
63. 9 |
57. 0 |
51. 0 |
43. 8 |
<0.0 01 |
44. 6 |
53. 4 |
57. 3 |
60. 5 |
<0.00 1 |
|
|
Employment Status |
0.4 |
<0.0 01 |
<0.00 1 |
|||||||||||||
| Employed | 56. 0 |
56. 0 |
54. 9 |
56. 4 |
44. 6 |
51. 3 |
56. 9 |
70. 2 |
63. 9 |
57. 6 |
52. 2 |
49. 3 |
||||
| Unemployed | 12. 6 |
12. 2 |
9.9 | 9.5 | 10. 6 |
12. 0 |
11. 5 |
10. 1 |
13. 2 |
11. 4 |
8.9 | 10. 8 |
||||
| Retired | 19. 1 |
20. 9 |
25. 1 |
23. 5 |
34. 1 |
25. 6 |
19. 8 |
9.1 | 13. 4 |
19. 5 |
27. 1 |
28. 6 |
||||
| Homemaker | 12. 3 |
11. 2 |
10. 1 |
10. 6 |
10. 8 |
11. 2 |
11. 7 |
10. 6 |
9.5 | 11. 6 |
11. 7 |
11. 4 |
||||
| Education |
<0.0 01 |
0.61 |
<0.00 1 |
|||||||||||||
| No school | 2.2 | 2.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 0.8 | 1.4 | 1.2 | ||||
| Elementary (1–6 yr) | 18. 9 |
14. 2 |
11. 9 |
11. 4 |
12. 6 |
14. 2 |
14. 2 |
15. 4 |
14. 8 |
16. 6 |
13. 0 |
12. 0 |
||||
| High school (7–12 yr) |
55. 0 |
52. 1 |
51. 2 |
46. 0 |
49. 5 |
52. 1 |
50. 2 |
52. 5 |
58. 2 |
50. 7 |
51. 2 |
44. 2 |
||||
| Any college (>12 yr) |
23. 9 |
31. 4 |
36. 4 |
42. 2 |
36. 7 |
32. 1 |
34. 8 |
30. 4 |
25. 2 |
31. 9 |
34. 4 |
42. 6 |
||||
| Smoking |
0.00 2 |
<0.0 01 |
<0.00 1 |
|||||||||||||
| Never | 73. 8 |
81. 9 |
75. 3 |
73. 0 |
84. 4 |
81. 1 |
71. 3 |
67. 1 |
68. 6 |
72. 4 |
78. 5 |
84. 6 |
||||
| Former | 16. 9 |
10. 2 |
15. 6 |
13. 6 |
11. 6 |
13. 0 |
17. 5 |
14. 2 |
14. 8 |
15. 7 |
14. 0 |
11. 8 |
||||
| Current | 9.4 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 13. 4 |
4.1 | 5.9 | 11. 2 |
18. 7 |
16. 6 |
12. 0 |
7.5 | 3.7 | ||||
|
Physical Activity, METs/wkb |
366 6 ± 569 3 |
318 9 ± 485 7 |
327 0 ± 439 4 |
321 3 ± 413 6 |
0.41 | 281 0 ± 379 2 |
308 6 ± 430 9 |
318 3 ± 505 3 |
426 4 ± 574 3 |
<0.0 001 |
376 6 ± 601 3 |
319 9 ± 431 5 |
322 5 ± 440 6 |
315 3 ± 428 4 |
0.19 | |
|
Energy Intake, kcal/dayb |
166 1 ± 589 |
162 5 ± 604 |
173 5 ± 583 |
192 3 ± 650 |
<0.0 001 |
146 6 ± 535 |
153 7 ± 516 |
176 0 ± 558 |
218 2 ± 593 |
<0.0 001 |
142 7 ± 540 |
158 5 ± 540 |
176 6 ± 548 |
216 8 ± 581 |
<0.00 01 |
|
| Medical history, % | ||||||||||||||||
| Hypertension | 24. 30 |
28. 20 |
26. 10 |
23. 90 |
0.4 | 34. 1 |
28. 4 |
24. 5 |
15. 6 |
<0.0 001 |
20. 10 |
24. 80 |
29. 20 |
28. 60 |
0.003 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 25. 40 |
31. 60 |
29. 60 |
25. 00 |
0.05 | 32. 70 |
32. 10 |
28. 30 |
18. 50 |
<0.0 001 |
27. 00 |
26. 20 |
30. 20 |
28. 20 |
0.53 | |
| Heart problemc | 10. 60 |
11. 20 |
11. 90 |
9.9 0 |
0.77 | 14. 20 |
13. 60 |
10. 10 |
5.7 0 |
<0.0 001 |
8.7 0 |
9.1 0 |
11. 10 |
14. 6 |
0.01 | |
| Diabetes | 7.9 0 |
8.1 0 |
9.5 0 |
7.3 0 |
0.63 | 10. 30 |
10. 30 |
7.7 0 |
4.5 0 |
0.00 2 |
5.4 0 |
11. 0 |
8.5 0 |
8.1 | 0.01 | |
a
Differences between quartiles were tested using chi-squared for categorical variables and Kruskal Wallis test for continuous variables.
b
Q=quartile; METs/wk=metabolic equivalents per week;kcal/day=kilocalories per day
c
Includes angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure