Table 2.

The Association of log-serum cortisol with fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c in the Jackson Heart Study

Fasting Plasma Glucose, Multivariable Linear Regression Model Beta-Coefficient (95% CI)
	Unadjusted	Model 1	Model 2
All Participants	11.29 (8.99, 13.60), p<0.001	11.98 (9.61, 14.34), p<0.001	11.22 (8.85, 13.59), p<0.001
Participants without Diabetes (n=3,409)	3.57 (2.90, 4.25), p<0.001	3.06 (2.39, 3.73), p<0.001	2.65 (1.99, 3.32), p<0.001
Participants with Diabetes (n=797)	22.60 (12.75, 32.45), p<0.001	25.05 (15.01, 35.09), p<0.001	23.62 (13.57, 33.67), p<0.001
Hemoglobin A1c, Multivariable Linear Regression Model Beta-Coefficient (95% CI)
All Participants	0.26 (0.18, 0.35), p<0.001	0.29 (0.21, 0.38), p<0.001	0.28 (0.20, 0.37), p<0.001
Participants without Diabetes (n=3,409)	−0.02 (−0.05, 0.02), p=0.344	−0.03 (−0.07, 0.01), p=0.119	−0.03 (−0.07, 0.01), p=0.117
Participants with Diabetes (n=797)	0.50 (0.21, 0.80), p<0.001	0.62 (0.31, 0.92), p<0.001	0.59 (0.29, 0.90), p<0.001

Model 1 – Adjusted for age, sex, education, occupation, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, current smoking, physical activity, hormone replacement therapy, beta-blocker medications Model 2 – Model 1 + time of cortisol collection

Fasting Plasma Glucose Interpretation: A 100% increase in cortisol is associated with an average beta-coefficient unit change in fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL). In the continuous unadjusted model, a 100% increase in serum cortisol is associated with a 11 mg/dl increase in fasting plasma glucose.

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) Interpretation: A 100% increase in cortisol is associated with an average beta-coefficient unit change in HbA1c (%). In the continuous unadjusted model, a 100% increase in serum cortisol is associated with a 0.26 increase in HbA1c.