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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2018 Dec 27;103:25–32. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.12.237

Table 3.

The Association of log-morning serum cortisol with log-Homeostatic model assessment of Insulin Resistance and β-cell Function among participants without diabetes in the Jackson Heart Study

Log-Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, Multivariable Linear Regression Model Beta-Coefficient (95% CI), n=3,409
Unadjusted Model 1 Model 2
Participants without diabetes♦ (n=3409) −0.07 (−0.12, −0.031), p=0.001 0.03 (−0.01, 0.07), p=0.108 0.02 (−0.02, 0.06), p=0.370
       
Participants with normoglycemia (n=1883) −0.11 (−0.16, −0.06), p<0.001 0.00 (−0.05, 0.06), p=0.880 −0.01 (−0.06, 0.04), p=0.705
Participants with prediabetes (n=1526) −0.07 (−0.13, −0.01), p=0.027 0.06 (−0.00, 0.11), p=0.06 0.04 (−0.01, 0.10), p=0.138
Log-Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell Function, Multivariable Linear Regression Model Beta-Coefficient (95% CI), n=3,409
Unadjusted Model 1 Model 2
Participants without diabetes (n=3409) −0.24 (−0.28, −0,20), p<0.001 −0.11 (−0.14, −0.07), p<0.001 −0.10 (−0.14, −0.06), p<0.001
       
Participants with normoglycemia (n=1883) −0.21 (−0.26, −0.15), p<0.001 −0.09 (−0.14, −0.04), p=0.001 −0.08 (−0.14, −0.03), p<0.001
Participants with prediabetes (n=1526) −0.27 (−0.33, −0.21), p<0.001 −0.12 (−0.18, −0.07), p<0.001 −0.12 (−0.17, −0.06), p<0.001
♦

Includes subjects with prediabetes and normoglycemia

Model 1 – Adjusted for age, sex, education, occupation, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, current smoking, physical activity, hormone replacement therapy, beta-blocker medications Model 2 – Model 1 + time of cortisol collection

Log-Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) Interpretation: A 100% increase in cortisol is associated with a beta-coefficient 100% change in HOMA-IR (%). In the continuous unadjusted model, a 1% increase in serum cortisol is associated with a 7% lower HOMA-IR.

Log-Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell Function (HOMA-β) Interpretation: A 100% increase in cortisol is associated with a beta-coefficient 100% increase in HOMA-β. In the continuous unadjusted model, a 100% increase in serum cortisol is associated with a 24% lower HOMA-β.