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. 2019 Apr 5;6(2):024901. doi: 10.1063/1.5090332

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© 2019 Author(s).

2329-7778/2019/6(2)/ 024901/8

All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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FIG. 1. — (a) Schematic of the experimental setup. Varying the distance between the movable Be lens stack and the sample allowed adjusting the incident photon flux. (b) Fe Kβ X-ray emission spectra measured for a Fe(CN)₆/H₂O solution for different incident photon fluxes. The spectra were normalized to unit area for integrated area difference (IAD) analysis.²³ This normalization assumes a constant 1s shell ionization cross section and 3p → 1s transition fluorescence yield for different charge states. The monotonic change with rising photon flux is indicated by the arrows in the inset. The intensity measurement uncertainty does not exceed 2% in the energy range 7054–7062 eV. (c) Fe Kβ difference spectra resulting from subtraction of the consecutive spectra from the one measured for the lowest photon flux.