Table 2.
Characteristics of study population from Kinshasa (DRC) with collected DBS in 2016.
| Children | Adults | Total (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 85 (100%) | 75 (100%) | 160 (100%) |
| Gender (male) | 46 (54.1%) | 22 (29.3%) | 68 (42.5%) |
| Mean age | |||
| At DBS collection (range) | 9.8 (0–18) | 46.5 (24.8–73) | 26.5 (0–73) |
| At HIV diagnosis at DRC (range) | 8.1 (0–16) | 40.4 (0–65.3) | 33.7 (0–65.3) |
| HIV positive status | |||
| By rapid testing in DRC | 18 (21.2%) | 74 (98.7%) | 92 (57.5%) |
| by molecular testing and serology in Spain | 14 (16.5%) | 70 (93.3%) | 84 (52.5%) |
| False positive HIV diagnosis in DRC | 4 (4.7%) | 4 (5.3%) | 8 (5%) |
| ART exposure among 92 HIV+ diagnosed in DRC | |||
| ART naïve | 2 | 10 | 13 |
| ART | 16* | 58* | 74 |
| Unknown | 0 | 7 | 5 |
| ART exposure among 84 with confirmed diagnosis in Spain | |||
| ART naïve | 1 | 9 | 10 |
| ART | 13 | 56 | 69 |
| Unknown | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| HIV-1 viraemia among 69 confirmed HIV+ under ART in DRC | |||
| Not detected only by Roche VL | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Not detected only by Xpert VL | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| Not detected by both Roche and Xpert VL | 3 | 5 | 8 |
| >1,000 cp/dot by Xpert VL | 3 | 12 | 15 |
| >1,000 cp/ml by Xpert VL* | 12 | 52 | 64 |
| >1,000 cp/dot by Roche VL | 6 | 12 | 18 |
| >1,000 cp/ml by Roche VL* | 12 | 32 | 44 |
| Number of different ART regimens among 69 treated in DRC | |||
| 1 | 10 (76.9%) | 34 (60.7%) | 44 (63.8%) |
| 2 | 2 (15.4%) | 14 (25%) | 16 (23.2%) |
| 3 | 0 | 7 (12.5%) | 7 (10.1%) |
| 4 | 1 (7.7%) | 1 (1.8%) | 2 (2.9%) |
| NRTI experienced | |||
| 3TC | 13 | 58 | 71 |
| AZT | 10 | 46 | 56 |
| TDF | 5 | 27 | 32 |
| DDI | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| ABC | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| NNRTI experience | |||
| NVP | 10 | 43 | 53 |
| EFV | 6 | 29 | 35 |
| PI experience | |||
| LPV/r | 1 | 7 | 8 |
| HIV+ subjects with available pol HIV-1 sequences | 13 (92.8%) | 45 (64.3%) | 58/(69%) |
| HIV-1 variant by phy | |||
| Non-B subtypes | 2/13 (15.4%) | 4/45 (8.9%) | 6 (10.3%) |
| CRF | 2/13 (15.4%) | 8/45 (17.8%) | 10 (17.3%) |
| URF | 9/13 (69.2%) | 33/45 (73.3%) | 42 (72.4%) |
DRC, Democratic Republic of Congo; DBS, dried blood Spot; ART, antiretroviral treatment; NTRI, nucleoside transcriptase reverse inhibitor; NNRTI, non-NRTI; PI, Protease inhibitor; 3TC, Lamivudine; AZT, Zidovudine; TDF, Tenofovir; DDI, Didanosine; ABC, Abacavir; NVP, Nevirapine; EFV, Efavirez; LVP/r, Lopinavir/Ritonavir; Phy, phylogenetic analysis; CRF, circulating recombinant form; URF, unique recombinant form. *Corrected cp/ml plasma considering hematocrit. Among 74 treated subjects in DRC, 3 were false positive children and 2 false positive adults.