Table 4.
Changes in biochemical variables between probiotic- and placebo-treated patients.
| Probiotic (n = 30) | Placebo (n = 35) | Difference (p value) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Posttreatment | *P | Baseline | Posttreatment | *P | ||
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 201.3 ± 33.8 | 179.8 (167.5) | <0.001 | 196.7 ± 40.8 | 184.3 ± 36.8 | 0.03 | 9.15 (0.240) |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 187.4 (152) | 150.4 ± 77.5 | 0.02 | 172.8 (140) | 177.3 (139) | 0.53 | −34.0 (0.033) |
| HDL-CROL (mg/dl) | 46.6 (43) | 42.9 (39.5) | 0.007 | 47.37 (48) | 44.7 (45) | 0.09 | <0.001 (0.707) |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 112.7 (92.5) | 99.4 (94) | 0.38 | 100.0 (93) | 100.1(94) | 0.63 | −3.5 (0.333) |
| AST (U/L) | 33.6 (27) | 31.7 (28.5) | 0.32 | 32.0 (23) | 32.5 (22) | 0.28 | −1 (0.644) |
| ALT (U/L) | 41.1 (31.5) | 38.8 (35) | 0.81 | 41.7 (28) | 44.5 (23) | 0.92 | −1.5 (0.827) |
| Insulin (μU/ml) | 17.1 (10.15) | 14.1 (10.62) | 0.67 | 12.8 (10.2) | 12.1 (8.9) | 0.61 | −0.23 (0.937) |
| HOMA-IR | 93.2 (47.14) | 68.6 (46.11) | 0.44 | 56.2 (46.4) | 59.4 (35.4) | 0.95 | 1.47 (0.614) |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 1.45 (0.96) | 1.64(1.17) | 0.79 | 2.25 (1.21) | 1.22 (1.05) | 0.04 | 0.11 (0.157) |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 8.51 (7.69) | 6.99 ± 2.92 | 0.011 | 9.20 (6.47) | 6.99 (5.79) | 0.01 | 0.345 (0.757) |
| LPS (ng/ml) | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.07 (0.03) | 0.65 | 0.05 (0.02) | 0.04 (0.06) | 0.50 | <0.001 (0.928) |
Data are expressed as median (interquartile range) with p values from Wilcoxon signed rank test or mean difference with p value in parentheses.
HDL-CROL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment – insulin resistance; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; *p < 0.05 by paired t test.