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. 2019 Apr 5;9:5741. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42161-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Tolytoxin decreases α-syn fibril transfer in SH-SY5Y cells. (a) α-syn loaded SH-SY5Y donor cells in Control, 15 nM Me-control and 15 nM tolytoxin co-cultures (left panel), GFP transfected acceptor cells (middle panel), donor and acceptor cells mixed with 1:1 ratio in different co-culture conditions (right panel). Arrows indicate α-syn fibrils that had been received by acceptor cells. Scale bar: 15 μm. (b) Left graph showing the percentage of α-syn transfer in each co-culture condition. Mean percentage of α-syn transfer in Control: 38.96% ± 7.89, 15 nM Me-control: 43.54% ± 4.23, 15 nM tolytoxin: 19.4% ± 4.44 (p = 0.829 for Control versus 15 nM Me-control, p = 0.04 for Control versus 15 nM tolytoxin, p = 0.0061 for 15 nM Me-control versus 15 nM tolytoxin. Right graph showing the average number of α-syn puncta per acceptor cell in each co-culture condition. Mean number of α-syn puncta in Control: 5.14 ± 0.63, 15 nM Me-control: 4.82 ± 0.57, 15 nM tolytoxin: 2.49 ± 0.4 (p = 0.90 for Control versus 15 nM Me-control, p = 0.01 for Control versus 15 nM tolytoxin, p = 0.02 for 15 nM Me-control versus 15 nM tolytoxin). Data were collected from four independent experiments where 60–80 cells were analysed per condition.