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. 2019 Apr 5;9:5743. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42116-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Time course of heart rate variability after the periocular warming condition (open circle) and the sham condition (closed circle). (a) Change in the rate of high frequency (HF) for baseline (an index of cardiac parasympathetic activity). (b) Change in the rate of the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) for baseline (an index of cardiac sympathetic activity). All values are means ± s.e.m. Comparisons performed relative to sham condition using Wilcoxon signed rank test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.