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. 2019 Apr 5;9:5726. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42169-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Modeled slip deficit rate based on several test cases of the model of interplate coupling to examine the cause of increasing slip deficit rate with time. Plots are similar to those shown in Fig. 3(b,c) (see the legend in Fig. 3). (a) All material is elastic except for the thin viscous layer in the fault creep part and shear zone. (b) No shear zone, continental crust and mantle are viscoelastic, which the viscosity distribution is the same as the original model, and oceanic crust and mantle are elastic. (c) No shear zone, continental lithosphere and mantle are elastic, and oceanic crust and mantle are viscoelastic, which the viscosity distribution is the same as the original model. Figure was created using the GMT⁵⁷.