Figure 5.

Downregulation of lamin-A,C by HCV. (A) Lamin-A,C levels in HCV replicon cells and (B) β-actin levels in HCV replicon cells are shown. (C) Shown is the change in lamin-A,C level with time for Huh7 cells transfected with HCV RNA. (D) Immunofluorescence of Huh7 cells (left) and Huh7 cells transfected with HCV RNA (right) was performed. Nucleus is stained in blue by DAPI and lamin-A,C in green. (E) Shown is the immunofluorescence of Huh7 cells (left) and HCV replicon cells (right) stained for nucleus in green and actin in red. (F) HCV replicon cells were transfected with lamin-A-GFP overexpression construct. Nucleus is stained in blue, actin in red, and lamin-A-GFP in green. Shown are the probability distributions of the projected area (G), surface area (H), and volume (I) of the nuclei of HCV replicon (red, dashed lines, n = 192) and HCV replicon cells expressing lamin-A,C-GFP (blue, solid lines, n = 74). Probability distributions of the nondimensional parameters η₁ (J) and η₂ (K) were obtained from the nuclear morphologies in (G–I). η₁ and η₂ are significantly larger for HCV replicon cells (red, dashed lines) in comparison to those overexpressing lamin-A (blue, solid lines). ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, and ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 by two-tailed Kolmogrov-Smirnov test. To see this figure in color, go online.