Chemical structure of wild-type lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from E. coli serotype O55:B5 used in this study. The dotted line indicates the two possible structural variants of E. coli R3 inner core: the GlcN side-chain modification of the heptose (∼30%) is only present when the phosphate at the second Hep residues is absent. P and C denote phosphate and carboxylate groups, respectively, carrying negative charges at pH = 7. Col, colitose; Gal, galactose; GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine; Glc, glucose; GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine; Hep, L- glycero-D-manno-heptoseketo-deoxyoctulosonate; Kdo, 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid; PEtN, phosphorylethanolamine. To see this figure in color, go online.