Table 5.
Coefficient estimates from logistic regression analysis examining the relationship between women’s empowerment and ability to achieve fertility goals
| Variables | Burkina Faso | Mali | Niger | Chad | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model1 | Model2 | Model1 | Model2 | Model1 | Model2 | Model1 | Model2 | |
| Women’s empowerment | ||||||||
| Empowerment index | 0.01*(0.007–0.04) | −0.12(−0.20—0.04) | 0.12(0.023–0.22) | 0.15***(0.05–0.25) | ||||
| Economic Empowerment index | 0.03(−0.03–0.09) | 0.24***(014–0.35) | 0.11(−0.04–0.27) | −0.52***(− 0.71—0.33) | ||||
| Socio-cultural empowerment index | −0.07***(− 0.12—0.03) | −0.06*(− 0.13–0004) | 0.05(− 0.03–0.14) | −0.14***(− 0.23—0.04) | ||||
| Familial empowerment index | 0.16***(0.1–0.22) | 0.14***(0.06–0.22) | 0.05(−0.04–0.15) | 0.23***(0.08–0.38) | ||||
| Controls variables | ||||||||
| Place of residence | ||||||||
| Rural | −0.01(− 0.18–0.16) | 0.0004(− 0.17–0.17) | 0.19(− 0.12–0.51) | 0.24(−0.09–0.57) | −1.29***(−1.80—0.78) | −1.43***(− 1.97—0.89) | 13.90(13.14–14.67) | 15.32(14.58–16.06) |
| Household wealth index | ||||||||
| Poor | 0.01(− 0.21–0.24) | −0.01(− 0.21–0.24) | −0.94***(− 1.47—0.42) | −0.90***(− 1.4—0.37) | −1.11***(− 1.88—0.34) | −1.24***(−2.03—0.45) | 0.07(− 0.55–0.69) | − 0.09(− 0.74–0.55) |
| Middle | 0.18(− 0.04–0.41) | 0.18(− 0.04–0.4) | 0.06(− 0.56–0.69) | 0.08(− 0.54–0.71) | −0.64**(− 1.26—0.02) | −0.72*(− 1.35—0.09) | 0.82***(0.21–1.44) | 0.69**(0.04–0.55) |
| Rich | 0.04(− 0.17–0.26) | 0.03(− 0.18–0.24) | 0.11(− 0.37–0.60) | 0.24(− 0.25–0.73) | −2.16(− 2.86—1.43) | −2.27***(− 2.99—1.55) | 0.42(−0.19–1.02) | 0.45(− 0.20–1.11) |
| Richest | 0.41***(0.14–0.7) | 0.33**(0.06–0.6) | 0.72**(0.17–1.28) | 0.92***(0.35–1.48) | −2.16(− 2.89—1.43) | −2.25(− 2.99—1.51) | 14.85***(13.94–15.76) | 15.95***(14.98–16.93) |
| Husband education | ||||||||
| Primary | − 0.09(− 0.27–0.11) | −0.09(− 0.3–0.09) | −0.06(− 0.50–0.37) | −0.15(− 0.57–0.27) | −1.87***(− 2.66—1.09) | −1.81*** | −0.17(− 0.61–0.26) | −0.39* |
| Secondary | 0.33**(0.04–0.61) | 0.37**(0.07–0.66) | 0.18(−0.15–0.53) | 0.19(− 0.14–0.53) | −0.35(− 0.97–0.26) | −0.76** | 0.56***(0.14–0.98) | 0.17 |
| Tertiary (High school) | −0.06(− 0.71–0.58) | 0.07(− 0.61–0.77) | 0.13(− 0.37–0.65) | −0.02(− 0.53–0.47) | 1.02***(0.45–1.58) | 1.01** | 0.32(− 0.44–1.08) | 0.14 |
| Household size | ||||||||
| 4–6 | 0.88***(0.4–1.29) | 0.93***(0.47–1.39) | 0.19(− 0.85–1.23) | 0.05(− 0.91–1.02) | 0.48(0.99–1.96) | 0.57(−0.94–2.08) | 0.002(− 0.87–0.87) | −0.23(− 0.67–0.21) |
| 7–9 | 0.85***(0.4–1.32) | 0.98***(0.52–1.43) | 0.52(− 0.51–1.54) | 0.44(−0.52–1.41) | 0.64(− 0.83–2.13) | 0.70(− 0.80–2.21) | −0.45(− 1.34–0.44) | 0.63***(0.19–1.07) |
| 10 – | 0.92***(0.4–1.37) | 1.04***(0.58–1.50) | 0.89(− 0.13–1.91) | 0.87(− 0.09–1.84) | 1.26(− 0.21–2.74) | 1.34(−0.16–2.85) | −0.43(− 1.29–0.43) | 0.24(− 0.48–0.97) |
| Polygamous union | ||||||||
| Yes | − 0.35(− 0.54—0.15) | −0.40(− 0.60—0.20) | −0.02(− 0.41–0.38) | −0.08(− 0.48–0.31) | 0.36(0.25–1.58) | 0.34(0.14–1.12) | −0.31(− 0.89–0.27) | −0.88(− 1.56—0.19) |
| Religion | ||||||||
| Muslim | 0.89**(0.05–1.73) | 1.02**(0.15–1.89) | 0.43(−0.31–1.17) | 0.39(− 0.33–1.12) | 0.09(− 0.31–0.63) | −0.75(− 1.22—0.27) | −0.12(− 0.48–0.22) | 0.04(− 0.15–0.24) |
| Christian | 1.18***(0.34–2.02) | 1.26***(0.39–2.12) | 0.91**(0.17–1.75 | 0.66**(0.12–1.95 | 0.72**(0.15–1.28) | 0.05(− 0.44–0.51) | − 0.405(− 0.55–0.62) | − 0.16(− 0.52–0.19) |
| Animist/traditional | 0.99**(0.12–1.85) | 1.08**(0.19–1.97) | 0.97**(0.11–1.12) | − 0.92(− 2.18–0.34) | 0.15(0.08–0.20) | 9.04***(0.58–1.50) | −1.29(− 1.80—0.78) | 0.21(− 0.07–0.37 |
| Number of women | 4020 | 4020 | 1307 | 1307 | 1160 | 1160 | 837 | 837 |
*** Significant at 1%; ** significant at 5%; significant at 10%
(): confidence intervals
Note: Model1: explanatory variables (empowerment and controls variables)
Model2: explanatory variables (desegregated empowerment index and controls variables)