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. 2019 Apr 5;19:35. doi: 10.1186/s12893-019-0498-4

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Preoperative enhanced computed tomography scans show large arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the quadriceps femoris (white arrows), which are partially present subcutaneously (black arrows). Numerous phleboliths (white arrowheads), massive bony erosion, and very narrow intramedullary canal are also observed (a: proximal site of fracture; b: fracture site; c: distal site of fracture). d Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography scan shows the AVMs are fed by the branches of the deep and superficial femoral artery