Table 1.
Association between selected factors with erectile dysfunction
| Characteristics (variables) | Status of erectile dysfunction | Level of significance and odds ratio with 95% CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presence | Absence | Total | ||
| Age above 40** | 187 (57.4%) | 87 (26.7%) | 274 (84.0%) | P < 0.0001, OR: 3.73 (CI 2.01–6.93) |
| Type of diabetes** | P-0.014, OR: 3.66 (CI 1.22–10.96) | |||
| Type 1 | 5 (1.5%) | 10 (3.1%) | 15 (4.6%) | |
| Type 2 | 201 (61.6%) | 110 (33.7%) | 311 (95.4%) | |
| Duration of diabetes** > 5 years | 111 (34.0%) | 31 (9.5%) | 142 (43.6%) | P < 0.0001, OR: 3.35 (CI 2.05–5.49) |
| Poor diabetic control (HbA1C ≥ 7) | 135 (41.4%) | 67 (20.6%) | 202 (62.0%) | P-0.082, OR: 1.50 (CI 0.95–2.38) |
| Unsafe level of alcohol consumption** | 82 (25.2%) | 26 (8.0%) | 108 (33.1%) | P-0.001, OR: 1.34 (CI 1.14–1.56) |
| Smoker | 50 (15.3%) | 21 (6.4%) | 71 (21.8%) | P-0.153, OR: 0.66 (CI 0.38–1.17) |
| With micro-vascular complications** | 105 (32.2%) | 44 (13.5%) | 149 (45.7%) | P-0.012, OR: 1.80 (CI 1.11–2.85) |
| With diabetic neuropathy** | 40 (12.3%) | 10 (3.1%) | 50 (15.3%) | P-0.007, OR: 1.33 (CI 1.12–1.57) |
| With diabetic nephropathy** | 64 (19.6%) | 19 (5.8%) | 83 (25.5%) | P-0.002, OR: 1.32 (CI 1.13–1.54) |
| With retinopathy | 49 (15.0%) | 23 (7.1%) | 72 (22.1%) | P-0.332, OR: 0.76 (CI 0.44–1.33) |
| With macro vascular complications | 23 (7.1%) | 7 (2.2%) | 30 (9.2%) | P-0.108, OR: 2.03 (CI 0.843–4.88) |
| Co-existing hypertension** | 113 (34.7%) | 39 (12.0%) | 152 (46.6%) | P < 0.0001, OR: 1.39 (CI 1.18–1.64) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 95 (29.1%) | 50 (15.3%) | 145 (44.5%) | P < 0.436, OR: 1.07 (CI 0.91–1.26) |
| Taking beta-blockers** | 13 (4.0%) | 1 (0.3%) | 14 (4.3%) | P = 0.019, OR: 1.50 (CI 1.27–1.78) |
| BMI ≥ 25** | 94 (28.8%) | 39 (12.0%) | 133 (40.8%) | P = 0.035, OR: 1.74 (CI 1.09–2.79) |
**Significant factors