Fig. 1.

ADSC secretome contains soluble proteins and EVs with miRNA and proteins as a cargo. a, b SDS-PAGE with subsequent silver staining of the total ADSC secretome, EV fraction, and soluble fraction revealed a wide spectrum of proteins, with each fraction showing a distinctive size distribution profile. c Profiling the nucleic acids content using bioanalyzer PicoRNA chips showed no molecules larger than ~ 31 nucleotides. d–g The EVs were analysed using TEM and NTA revealing a size of ~ 50 nm. Scale bar: 100 nm. h EVs were labelled with PKH67 and incubated with IMR-90 cells. Overlap between the PKH67 signal and phalloidin-stained cytoskeleton demonstrates that ADSC-derived EVs are taken up by IMR-90 cells (white arrow). Scale bar: 20 μm