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. 2019 Mar 13;16(152):20180758. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0758

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© 2019 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 4. — Spatial and temporal analysis of crime residuals. (a) Spatial distribution of crime SAMIs in 2011: red (grey) dots correspond to deviations below (above) expectation for city size. The size of the circle denotes the magnitude of crime SAMIs. (b) Murders & culpable homicides versus population. Red group: cities in northern and central India. Blue group: cities in southern and western India. (c) Temporal evolution of crime SAMIs for select cities between 1991 and 2011. Blue lines: cities in northern and central Indian states of Uttar Pradesh (Agra, Aligarh, Allahabad, Bareilly, Gorakhpur, Kanpur, Lucknow, Meerut, Moradabad, Varanasi), Madhya Pradesh (Bhopal, Indore, Jabalpur), and Bihar (Patna). Red lines: cities in southern Indian states of Kerala (Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram), and Tamil Nadu (Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai). (Online version in colour.)