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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 13.
Published in final edited form as: Nano Lett. 2019 Feb 6;19(3):1914–1921. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05051

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Motor toxoid synthesis and characterization. (a) Quantification of the total protein loaded onto bare Mg-TiO2 micromotors, RBC-coated motors (motor-RBC), and motor toxoids per 1 mg of motor (n = 3, mean + SD). (b) Representative western blots probing for α-toxin on bare motors, motor-RBC, and motor toxoids (O: oligomer band, M: monomer band). (c) Quantification of the amount of α-toxin loading onto bare motors, motor-RBC, and motor toxoids per 1 mg of motor (n = 3, mean + SD; UD: undetectable). (d) SEM visualization of motor toxoids; corresponding EDX spectroscopy confirmed the presence and distribution of Mg (green) and Ti (teal) in the particles (scale bar = 20 µm). (e) Brightfield and fluorescence microscopy visualization of motor toxoids fabricated with rhodamine-labeled (red) RBC membrane and FITC-labeled (green) chitosan (scale bar = 25 μm).