Table 4.
Cross-sectional associations between probability of a child belonging in a specific weight category and parent report of food/beverage availability, child dietary intake frequency, and perceived barriers to physical activity and screen time behaviours at baseline (n 424)*; kindergarten American-Indian children, Bright Start school-based obesity prevention trial, South Dakota, USA
| Probability of child weight status at baseline | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal weight | Overweight | Obese | |||||
| Probability at the mean level (%)† | Difference (%)‡ | Probability at the mean level (%)† | Difference (%)‡ | Probability at the mean level (%)† | Difference (%)‡ | P value§ | |
| Food/beverage availability∥ | |||||||
| Vegetables without potatoes¶ | 71·3 | 4·1 | 15·2 | −1·8 | 13·3 | −2·3 | 0·051 |
| Fruits** | 71·2 | 0·9 | 15·2 | −0·4 | 13·5 | −0·5 | 0·681 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages†† | 71·3 | 2·7 | 15·2 | −1·2 | 13·3 | −1·5 | 0·215 |
| Whole milk | 71·2 | 0·02 | 15·3 | −0·01 | 13·4 | −0·01 | 0·271 |
| Skimmed milk | 72·3 | −1·1 | 14·9 | 0·5 | 12·7 | 0·6 | 0·623 |
| Salty snacks‡‡ | 71·4 | 0 | 15·1 | 0·0 | 13·4 | 0·0 | 0·995 |
| Sweet snacks§§ | 71·5 | 2·2 | 15·1 | −1·0 | 13·3 | −1·2 | 0·308 |
| Healthful food score∥∥ | 71·3 | 3·6 | 15·3 | −1·7 | 13·3 | −1·9 | 0·094 |
| Unhealthful food score*** | 71·5 | 2·4 | 15·1 | −1·1 | 13·3 | −1·4 | 0·266 |
| Dietary intake frequency (times/d) | |||||||
| Vegetables (no potatoes) | 71·7 | 4·0 | 15·0 | −1·8 | 13·1 | −2·2 | 0·073 |
| Fruits | 71·0 | 2·3 | 15·4 | −1·1 | 13·5 | −1·3 | 0·301 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages | 71·4 | −2·2 | 15·1 | 0·9 | 13·3 | 1·3 | 0·338 |
| Whole milk | 71·0 | 3·1 | 15·5 | −1·4 | 13·4 | −1·7 | 0·174 |
| Skimmed milk | 71·1 | −4·2 | 15·3 | 1·8 | 13·4 | 2·5 | 0·057 |
| 100 % fruit juice | 71·1 | 2·6 | 15·3 | −1·2 | 13·4 | −1·3 | 0·244 |
| Fast food | 71·4 | −4·4 | 15·0 | 1·8 | 13·4 | 2·6 | 0·056 |
| Physical activity and screen time | |||||||
| Child plays outdoors | 71·4 | 3·1 | 15·1 | −1·4 | 13·3 | −1·7 | 0·169 |
| Parent–child activities together | 71·3 | 0·9 | 15·1 | −0·4 | 13·4 | −0·5 | 0·685 |
| Child television/screen time on school days (h/d) | 71·4 | 2·8 | 15·1 | −1·3 | 13·4 | −1·6 | 0·224 |
| Child computer/video time on school days (h/d) | 71·4 | 2·5 | 15·1 | −1·1 | 13·3 | −1·4 | 0·288 |
| Parent-perceived barriers to physical activity and screen time | 71·9 | −5·3 | 15·2 | 1·9 | 13·4 | 2·7 | 0·052 |
Sample size may slightly vary in each analysis due to incidental missing data; all analyses were adjusted for child age, gender, relative socio-economic status specific to Bright Start population, and parent BMI.
At the mean level of each predictor.
Difference in probability of being in the indicated weight status for a child in a family with average level of home environment variables compared to a child in a family for which these variables are 1 sd higher than the average.
The P value indicates the level of significance between the explanatory variable and the outcome (child weight status).
Response categories for each item included ‘No = 0’ and ‘Yes = 1’. Items in the food and beverage categories were summed to calculate the total number of affirmative responses.
Vegetables without potatoes include corn, peas, lettuce, carrots, tomatoes, green beans, broccoli, courgettes and other vegetables.
Fruits include apples or apple sauce, bananas, oranges, peaches, pears, fruit cocktail, raisins and other fruits.
Sugar-sweetened beverages include fruit drinks, regular pop and Kool-Aid.
Salty snacks include potato chips (corn chips, tortilla chips and Cheetos), pretzels and sunflower seeds.
Sweet snacks include cake, cookies, pies, ice cream, doughnuts, sweet rolls, Pop-tarts, muffins and candy.
Healthful foods include corn, peas, lettuce, carrots, tomatoes, green beans, broccoli, courgettes, other vegetables, peaches, pears, fruit cocktail, raisins and other fruit.
Unhealthful foods include fruit drinks, regular pop, Kool-Aid, sports drinks, French fries, potato chips, cookies, snack cakes, doughnuts, candy, lunch meat, fried chicken and pizza.