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. 2019 Mar 24;2019:9401628. doi: 10.1155/2019/9401628

Table 2.

Subgroup analysis of the included studies.

Subgroups No. of studies SMD (95% CI) P Test of heterogeneity
I 2 P
Serum
Study location
 Asia 13 0.74 (0.42-1.07) <0.001 91.3% <0.001
 Europe 5 0.39 (−0.20-0.98) 0.199 81.5% <0.001
 Africa 1 3.22 (2.06-4.38) <0.001 / /
Study design
 Cross-sectional 12 0.91 (0.54-1.29) <0.001 92.5% <0.001
 Case-control 6 0.13 (−0.11-0.36) 0.283 25.0% 0.246
 Cohort 1 3.22 (2.06-4.38) <0.001 / /

Plasma
Study location
 Asia 7 0.09 (−0.14-0.31) 0.463 93.7% <0.001
 Europe 2 0.54 (−0.21-1.29) 0.156 0.0% 0.729
 South America 1 −0.12 (−0.84-0.59) 0.734 / /
Study design
 Cross-sectional 8 0.54 (−0.12-1.20) 0.108 91.7 <0.001
 Case-control 1 −0.38 (−0.88-0.12) 0.557 / /
 Cohort 1 0.07 (−0.17-0.31) 0.133 / /