Table 1.
Summary of data and participant characteristics
| Lead Naïve (n=13) | Lead Exposed (n=13) | t / χ2/ U | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth Outcomes, M (SD) | ||||
| Fetal age at birth (weeks) | 39.30 (1.61) | 38.38 (1.78) | 1.37 | 0.18 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3071 (633) | 3067 (738) | 0.02 | 0.99 |
| Maternal Ethnicity, n (%) | 1.53 | 0.68 | ||
| African-American | 9 (69.2) | 11 (84.6) | ||
| Asian-American | 1 (7.7) | 0 | ||
| Caucasian | 2 (15.4) | 1 (7.7) | ||
| Bi-racial | 1 (7.7) | 1 (7.7) | ||
| Maternal Education, n (%) | 6.82 | 0.08 | ||
| No GED/High-school diploma | 0 | 2 (15.4) | ||
| GED/High-school diploma | 4 (30.8) | 7 (53.8) | ||
| Some college | 9 (69.2) | 3 (23.1) | ||
| 4-yr college degree | 0 | 1 (7.7) | ||
| Gross Annual Income, n (%) | 6.72 | 0.15 | ||
| < $10,000 | 3 (23.1) | 9 (69.2) | ||
| $10,000 - $20,000 | 2 (15.4) | 7 2 (15.4) | ||
| $20,000 - $30,000 | 3 (23.1) | 1 (7.7) | ||
| $50,000 - $60,000 | 2 (15.4) | 0 | ||
| $60,000 - $80,000 | 0 | 1 (7.7) | ||
| Undeclared | 3 (23.1) | 0 | ||
| Marital Status, n (%) | 0.02 | 0.90 | ||
| Single | 8(61.5) | 9 (69.2) | ||
| Married/Partnered | 4 (30.8) | 4 (30.8) | ||
| Undeclared | 1 (7.7) | 0 | ||
| Imaging Characteristics, M (SD) | ||||
| Maternal age at scan (years) | 25.32 (4.98) | 24.22 (4.56) | 70.0 | 0.46 |
| Fetal age at scan (weeks) | 33.73 (4.29) | 33.69 (4.28) | 79.0 | 0.78 |
| Amount of rs-fMRI data analyzed | ||||
| (minutes) | 4.9 (1.8) | 5.4 (1.9) | 67.5 | 0.38 |
| Translational mean movement (mm) | 0.24 (0.13) | 0.26 (0.11) | −0.55 | 0.59 |
| Rotational mean movement (degrees) | 0.45 (0.25) | 0.49 (0.21) | −0.45 | 0.66 |
Two sample t-tests were used to assess differences between groups for age at birth, birth weight, translational motion, and rotational motion. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to examine differences for non-normally distributed, scalar variables (determined by Shapiro-Wilk Tests of Normality), including age at scan, frame count, and maternal age. Chi-square test was used to examine differences between groups for categorical variables, including ethnicity, education, income, and marital status. Due to small sample sizes, the Chi-square test assumption of each cell having a count of at least 5 was violated for all categorical variables. We observed that all comparisons provided above were non-significant, using two-tailed, p < 0.05.