Table 3. Virucidal and bactericidal efficacies of GSE against viruses and bacteria in aqueous phase.

Pathogen			AIV		NDV		IBDV		SI		EC
FBS			0%	5%	0%	5%	0%	5%	0%	5%	0%	5%
Positive control			6.50 ± 0.07a)	6.75 ± 0.00	7.00 ± 0.12	6.75 ± 0.00	6.84 ± 0.21	NTb)	8.30 ± 0.19	7.73 ± 0.19	7.98 ± 0.25	7.23 ± 0.16
Titer / number of colonies	×100	0 secc)	4.91 ± 0.35	5.00 ± 0.00	7.00 ± 0.00	6.63 ± 0.06	5.62 ± 0.04	NT	5.88 ± 0.51	7.30 ± 0.00	7.15 ± 0.01	6.40 ± 0.25
		5 sec	3.08 ± 0.17	3.91 ± 0.37	<2.50 ± 0.00	3.50 ± 0.00	5.61 ± 0.07		<2.60 ± 0.00	<2.60 ± 0.00	<2.60 ± 0.00	<2.60 ± 0.00
		10 sec	2.83 ± 0.16	<2.50 ± 0.00	<2.50 ± 0.00	3.50 ± 0.00	5.60 ± 0.10		<2.60 ± 0.00	<2.60 ± 0.00	<2.60 ± 0.00	<2.60 ± 0.00
		30 sec	2.83 ± 0.16	<2.50 ± 0.00	<2.50 ± 0.00	3.50 ± 0.00	5.44 ± 0.00		<2.60 ± 0.00	<2.60 ± 0.00	<2.60 ± 0.00	<2.60 ± 0.00
	×500	0 sec	5.75 ± 0.07	5.25 ± 0.00	7.00 ± 0.00	6.75 ± 0.00	5.81 ± 0.21	NT	7.41 ± 0.24	6.84 ± 0.11	7.72 ± 0.09	6.73 ± 0.08
		5 sec	4.41 ± 0.24	5.66 ± 0.04	<2.50 ± 0.00	6.66 ± 0.04	5.70 ± 0.05		<2.60 ± 0.00	3.03 ± 0.20	<2.60 ± 0.00	3.76 ± 0.54
		10 sec	4.16 ± 0.35	5.91 ± 0.14	<2.50 ± 0.00	6.16 ± 0.14	5.67 ± 0.07		<2.60 ± 0.00	3.42 ± 0.38	<2.60 ± 0.00	3.53 ± 0.44
		30 sec	3.16 ± 0.17	5.91 ± 0.14	<2.50 ± 0.00	5.33 ± 0.20	5.73 ± 0.06		<2.60 ± 0.00	<2.60 ± 0.00	<2.60 ± 0.00	2.86 ± 0.07
	×1,000	0 sec	6.00 ± 0.11	5.63 ± 0.18	6.88 ± 0.06	6.50 ± 0.00	6.25 ± 0.13	NT	7.58 ± 0.28	7.24 ± 0.36	7.55 ± 0.03	6.75 ± 0.07
		5 sec	5.33 ± 0.32	5.91 ± 0.04	<2.50 ± 0.00	7.00 ± 0.07	5.76 ± 0.06		<2.60 ± 0.00	4.13 ± 0.36	<2.60 ± 0.00	3.99 ± 0.50
		10 sec	5.41 ± 0.20	5.83 ± 0.04	<2.50 ± 0.00	7.00 ± 0.07	5.71 ± 0.06		<2.60 ± 0.00	3.09 ± 0.23	<2.60 ± 0.00	3.58 ± 0.46
		30 sec	5.16 ± 0.39	6.16 ± 0.10	<2.50 ± 0.00	7.08 ± 0.10	5.73 ± 0.06		<2.60 ± 0.00	2.98 ± 0.18	<2.60 ± 0.00	3.05 ± 0.21

a) Virus titer or colony counts are shown in log₁₀, b) Not Tested, c) Reaction time. Data are expressed as the mean of three experiments ± standard deviation.