Table 1.
Temporal Trends in Hepatitis C Virus Testing Coverage in the US Household Population, National Health Interview Survey, 2013–2017
| Characteristic, by Birth Cohort | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2013 vs 2017, Adjusted Prevalence Difference (95% CI)b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | % (95% CI) | P trend a | ||
| Non-baby Boomers (1966–1994) | |||||||
| Total | 13.2 (12.5–14.0) | 13.6 (12.9–14.4) | 14.0 (13.2–14.8) | 15.7 (14.8–16.6) | 16.8 (15.9–17.8) | <.001 | 3.1 (1.9, 4.3) |
| Birth year | |||||||
| 1985–1994 | 10.6 (9.4–11.8) | 11.8 (10.7–13.1) | 11.1 (10.1–12.3) | 14.4 (13.1–15.8) | 15.7 (14.3–17.3) | <.001 | 4.4 (2.4, 6.3) |
| 1975–1984 | 15.6 (14.5–16.9) | 16.2 (14.9–17.7) | 17.1 (15.8–18.5) | 17.3 (15.8–18.8) | 17.5 (16.0–19.1) | .040 | 1.6 (-0.4, 3.5) |
| 1966–1974 | 13.6 (12.4–15.0) | 12.9 (11.7–14.1) | 14.1 (12.7–15.5) | 15.3 (13.9–16.8) | 17.4 (15.8–19.1) | <.001 | 3.2 (1.2, 5.2) |
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 13.3 (12.4–14.3) | 13.3 (12.4–14.3) | 14.0 (13.0–15.2) | 16.0 (14.9–17.2) | 16.7 (15.5–17.9) | <.001 | 2.9 (1.4, 4.4) |
| Male | 13.1 (12.1–14.3) | 13.9 (12.8–15.1) | 14.0 (12.9–15.2) | 15.3 (14.1–16.6) | 17.0 (15.7–18.5) | <.001 | 3.1 (1.4, 4.8) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| NH white | 14.6 (13.6–15.7) | 15.4 (14.4–16.4) | 15.0 (13.9–16.0) | 17.3 (16.2–18.5) | 18.4 (17.3–19.5) | <.001 | 3.4 (1.9, 4.9) |
| NH black | 13.2 (11.6–15.1) | 13.7 (12.0–15.6) | 14.8 (12.6–17.2) | 14.9 (12.7–17.5) | 17.3 (15.0–20.0) | .008 | 3.1 (0.2, 6.1) |
| NH Asian | 10.3 (7.7–13.6) | 11.3 (8.8–14.2) | 12.6 (10.2–15.6) | 12.5 (9.9–15.7) | 13.2 (10.6–16.3) | .139 | 2.5 (-1.8, 6.8) |
| Hispanic | 10.1 (8.9–11.5) | 9.4 (8.2–10.7) | 11.0 (9.5–12.7) | 12.0 (10.1–14.2) | 13.5 (11.6–15.5) | .001 | 1.9 (-0.3, 4.0) |
| NH other/multiracial | 13.6 (9.0–20.0) | 9.6 (5.5–16.4) | 19.7 (14.0–26.8) | 21.6 (14.4–31.1) | 15.5 (10.1–23.1) | .204 | 2.4 (-6.6, 11.5) |
| Educational attainment | |||||||
| Less than high school | 10.5 (8.6–12.6) | 7.5 (6.0–9.2) | 11.1 (9.2–13.5) | 11.4 (9.1–14.1) | 13.1 (10.5–16.1) | .017 | 1.7 (-1.2, 4.6) |
| High school or GED | 11.2 (9.9–12.6) | 11.4 (10.1–12.9) | 12.4 (10.8–14.2) | 13.5 (11.9–15.4) | 13.0 (11.4–14.8) | .024 | 1.1 (-1.1, 3.2) |
| Some college or more | 14.6 (13.6–15.6) | 15.6 (14.6–16.6) | 15.0 (14.1–16.0) | 17.1 (16.0–18.2) | 18.6 (17.4–19.9) | <.001 | 4.0 (2.4, 5.5) |
| Family health insurancec | |||||||
| Private | 13.5 (12.5–14.5) | 13.7 (12.7–14.7) | 13.4 (12.5–14.4) | 15.0 (14.0–16.0) | 16.6 (15.5–17.8) | <.001 | 2.9 (1.4, 4.4) |
| Military | 26.2 (20.0–33.4) | 29.5 (22.3–38.0) | 24.7 (19.1–31.2) | 35.7 (29.2–42.6) | 32.6 (25.5–40.7) | .093 | 2.4 (-6.6, 11.4) |
| Public/Government | 15.9 (13.9–18.1) | 16.0 (14.0–18.2) | 18.4 (16.2–20.8) | 18.6 (16.4–21.1) | 21.0 (18.6–23.6) | .001 | 5.0 (1.8, 8.1) |
| Uninsured | 10.2 (9.0–11.5) | 10.7 (9.3–12.1) | 11.0 (9.5–12.9) | 11.9 (9.9–14.1) | 11.0 (9.2–13.1) | .253 | 1.3 (-0.9, 3.6) |
| Census region | |||||||
| Northeast | 13.7 (12.0–15.7) | 12.3 (10.6–14.3) | 16.3 (14.1–18.8) | 16.6 (14.7–18.8) | 19.6 (17.2–22.3) | <.001 | 4.9 (2.0, 7.8) |
| Midwest | 11.8 (10.2–13.6) | 12.1 (10.6–13.8) | 11.7 (10.2–13.4) | 13.6 (11.9–15.5) | 14.7 (13.2–16.4) | .008 | 2.6 (0.4, 4.8) |
| South | 13.1 (12.0–14.4) | 14.2 (12.9–15.5) | 14.5 (13.2–15.9) | 15.7 (14.3–17.2) | 15.6 (14.1–17.3) | .006 | 2.2 (0.2, 4.2) |
| West | 14.5 (12.8–16.3) | 15.1 (13.6–16.7) | 14.0 (12.6–15.5) | 16.6 (14.8–18.6) | 18.6 (16.8–20.6) | .001 | 3.5 (1.0, 5.9) |
| Born in the US | |||||||
| No | 9.5 (8.2–11.0) | 9.5 (8.3–10.9) | 11.3 (9.8–13.0) | 11.7 (10.1–13.6) | 13.2 (11.2–15.4) | .001 | 2.6 (1.8, 4.9) |
| Yes | 14.2 (13.4–15.1) | 14.8 (13.8–15.7) | 14.8 (13.9–15.7) | 16.8 (15.8–17.9) | 17.9 (16.8–19.0) | <.001 | 3.2 (1.8, 4.5) |
| Baby Boomers (1945–1965) | |||||||
| Total | 12.3 (11.5–13.1) | 12.4 (11.6–13.2) | 13.4 (12.5–14.4) | 14.5 (13.7–15.4) | 17.3 (16.4–18.4) | <.001 | 4.5 (3.3, 5.8) |
| Birth year | |||||||
| 1955–1965 | 13.4 (12.3–14.6) | 13.3 (12.1–14.4) | 14.7 (13.4–16.0) | 15.9 (14.7–17.1) | 18.8 (17.5–20.2) | <.001 | 4.7 (3.1, 6.4) |
| 1945–1954 | 10.7 (9.6–11.9) | 11.2 (10.2–12.4) | 11.6 (10.4–12.8) | 12.7 (11.6–13.9) | 15.2 (13.8–16.7) | <.001 | 4.0 (2.3, 5.8) |
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 11.1 (10.1–12.3) | 10.9 (9.8–12.0) | 11.7 (10.6–12.8) | 13.1 (12.0–14.2) | 16.1 (14.8–17.5) | <.001 | 4.2 (2.6, 5.8) |
| Male | 13.5 (12.3–14.8) | 14.1 (12.9–15.4) | 15.3 (13.9–16.8) | 16.1 (14.9–17.5) | 18.7 (17.3–20.2) | <.001 | 4.5 (2.7, 6.3) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| NH white | 12.4 (11.5–13.4) | 12.6 (11.7–13.7) | 13.5 (12.5–14.6) | 14.7 (13.8–15.8) | 18.0 (16.8–19.1) | <.001 | 4.9 (3.4, 6.3) |
| NH black | 12.6 (10.7–14.7) | 12.9 (10.9–15.2) | 14.4 (12.0–17.3) | 16.5 (13.9–19.5) | 18.1 (15.3–21.3) | <.001 | 4.8 (1.4, 8.3) |
| NH Asian | 10.1 (7.4–13.7) | 10.2 (7.4–13.8) | 11.9 (8.4–16.5) | 9.0 (5.8–13.9) | 11.5 (7.8–16.5) | .821 | 1.5 (-3.5, 6.5) |
| Hispanic | 11.5 (9.3–14.0) | 11.3 (9.4–13.7) | 11.1 (9.1–13.5) | 13.0 (10.0–16.6) | 14.1 (11.2–17.5) | .135 | 1.6 (-2.0, 5.2) |
| NH other/multiracial | 19.5 (12.1–29.9) | 13.3 (7.4–22.8) | 27.7 (18.3–39.7) | 22.0 (14.3–32.2) | 27.2 (18.1–38.8) | .138 | 6.7 (-6.1, 19.5) |
| Educational attainment | |||||||
| Less than high school | 9.3 (7.7–11.2) | 9.5 (7.7–11.6) | 10.8 (8.8–13.2) | 11.9 (9.7–14.5) | 13.9 (11.5–16.8) | .001 | 3.8 (0.7, 6.8) |
| High school or GED | 8.9 (7.4–10.5) | 9.8 (8.5–11.2) | 10.4 (8.8–12.2) | 11.9 (10.4–13.5) | 13.8 (12.1–15.7) | <.001 | 4.3 (1.9, 6.6) |
| Some college or more | 14.4 (13.4–15.5) | 14.1 (13.0–15.3) | 15.1 (13.9–16.4) | 16.2 (15.0–17.4) | 19.5 (18.2–20.8) | <.001 | 4.5 (2.9, 6.1) |
| Family health insurancec | |||||||
| Private | 11.4 (10.4–12.4) | 11.1 (10.2–12.2) | 12.1 (11.1–13.3) | 13.5 (12.5–14.5) | 16.8 (15.6–18.0) | <.001 | 4.9 (3.4, 6.3) |
| Military | 24.3 (20.2–28.9) | 23.9 (19.6–28.7) | 20.8 (16.1–26.4) | 27.9 (23.3–33.0) | 31.6 (25.7–38.2) | .023 | 7.2 (0.3, 14.0) |
| Public/Government | 13.7 (12.0–15.6) | 13.2 (11.6–15.0) | 16.1 (14.3–18.1) | 14.4 (13.0–16.0) | 18.3 (16.4–20.5) | .001 | 4.4 (1.7, 7.0) |
| Uninsured | 11.1 (9.2–13.4) | 11.6 (9.3–14.5) | 11.1 (8.4–14.6) | 15.3 (11.9–19.6) | 9.2 (6.8–12.3) | .869 | -2.1 (-6.1, 1.9) |
| Census region | |||||||
| Northeast | 10.3 (8.6–12.2) | 11.5 (9.7–13.6) | 11.4 (9.4–13.6) | 15.4 (13.5–17.5) | 17.4 (15.3–19.7) | <.001 | 6.9 (4.2, 9.7) |
| Midwest | 9.8 (8.5–11.3) | 8.8 (7.3–10.6) | 10.4 (8.6–12.6) | 12.4 (10.8–14.2) | 16.6 (14.6–18.7) | <.001 | 5.6 (3.4, 7.8) |
| South | 12.8 (11.5–14.3) | 13.1 (11.9–14.4) | 14.2 (12.8–15.8) | 14.6 (13.2–16.0) | 15.9 (14.4–17.7) | .001 | 2.6 (0.5, 4.8) |
| West | 15.5 (13.8–17.3) | 15.9 (14.2–17.9) | 16.7 (14.7–18.9) | 15.9 (14.0–18.0) | 20.4 (18.3–22.8) | .004 | 3.6 (0.9, 6.3) |
| Born in the US | |||||||
| No | 11.2 (9.4–13.2) | 10.2 (8.5–12.1) | 11.2 (9.3–13.4) | 11.2 (9.1–13.8) | 11.9 (9.8–14.5) | .458 | 0.0 (-2.9, 2.9) |
| Yes | 12.5 (11.6–13.4) | 12.8 (11.9–13.8) | 13.8 (12.9–14.9) | 15.2 (14.3–16.1) | 18.4 (17.3–19.5) | <.001 | 5.2 (3.8, 6.5) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GED, General Educational Development; NH, non-Hispanic.
aEstimated by weighted linear regression across the 5 surveys (2013–2017).
bReflects the difference in the adjusted predicted margins of hepatitis C virus testing coverage in 2013 (reference) and 2017. The weighted multivariable logistic regression model for non-baby boomers and baby boomers included adjustment for birth year, sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, type of family health insurance coverage, census region, and birthplace. Estimates in bold were statistically significant (P < .05).
cType of family health insurance coverage is a hierarchical variable divided into ordered categories as shown from top to bottom (ie, persons who reported private insurance and military insurance were coded as having private insurance). Uninsured individuals reported no coverage or only single service coverage at the time of the interview.