Table 1.
Category | Belief | Study |
---|---|---|
General job performance | lower job success lower job performance incompetent lower abilities poorer work habits less effective/productive at work work slowly have to put in greater effort | Larkin and Pines, 1979 [15] Larwood, 1995 [51] Jasper and Klassen, 1990 [38] Klesges et al., 1990 [14] O’Brien et al., 2008 [19] Hebl and Heatherton, 2008 [52] |
Particular job suitability | unfit for a challenging job lower leadership potential lower supervisory potential receive easier work assignments lower ability to perform a physically strenuous job | Rothblum et al., 1988 [53] Larwood, 1995 [51] Popovich et al., 1997 [30] Bellizzi and Hasty, 1998 [16] O’Brien et al., 2008 [19] Hebl and Heatherton, 2008 [52] |
Interpersonal skills/problems | fewer interpersonal skills more interpersonal problems less accepted by subordinates less trusted lower popularity | Jasper and Klassen, 1990 [38] Klesges et al., 1990 [14] Bordieri et al., 1997 [18] Finkelstein et al., 2007 [13] Hebl and Heatherton, 2008 [52] |
Self control / willpower | lack of self-discipline lazy less ambitious | Larkin and Pines, 1979 [15] Rothblum et al., 1988 [53] Bellizzi and Norvell, 1991 [17] Klassen et al., 1993 [39] |
Motivation / drive | idle need prompting sluggish do not take initiative inactive give up easily | Larkin and Pines, 1979 [15] |
Intelligence | less intelligent | Hebl and Heatherton, 2008 [52] |
Reliability | less conscientious and reliable more non-medical absenteeism less serious | Klesges et al., 1990 [14] Bellizzi and Norvell, 1991 [17] |
Self confidence / emotional stability | (emotionally) insecure unstable low self regard weak | Larkin and Pines, 1979 [15] Bellizzi and Norvell, 1991 [17] Klassen et al., 1993 [39] |
Other | less adaptable indecisive less clean cut untidy disorganized | Larkin and Pines, 1979 [15] Bellizzi and Norvell, 1991 [17] Finkelstein et al., 2007 [13] |