Table 4.
Goodness-of-fit statistics for tests of invariance across groups
| Model description | χ2 | df | Δχ2 | Δdf | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| Unconstrained, combined model | 856.9 | 498 | – | – | – |
| Factor loadings constrained to be equal | 873.0 | 519 | 16.1 | 21 | 0.76 |
| Factor loadings + variances constraineda | 880.1 | 522 | 23.2 | 24 | 0.51 |
| Factor loadings + variances + covariances constrained | 898.0 | 525 | 41.2 | 27 | 0.040 |
| Age | |||||
| Unconstrained, combined model | 857.6 | 498 | – | – | – |
| Factor loadings constrained to be equal | 884.1 | 519 | 26.5 | 21 | 0.19 |
| Factor loadings + variances + covariances constrained | 892.6 | 525 | 35.1 | 27 | 0.14 |
| BMI | |||||
| Unconstrained, combined model | 883.2 | 498 | – | – | – |
| Factor loadings constrained to be equal | 904.3 | 519 | 21.1 | 21 | 0.45 |
| Factor loadings + variances + covariances constrained | 916.9 | 525 | 33.7 | 27 | 0.18 |
| Language region | |||||
| Unconstrained, combined model | 887.3 | 498 | – | – | – |
| Factor loadings constrained to be equal | 916.6 | 519 | 29.2 | 21 | 0.11 |
| Factor loadings + variances + covariances constrained | 922.2 | 525 | 34.8 | 27 | 0.14 |
Δχ2 = difference in chi-square values, Δdf = difference in degrees of freedom, relative to the unconstrained, combined model.