Table 1.
Age ≤ 18 and ≥ 60 years | BMI < 30 kg/m2 | Progress via diet and other methods | Malignancy within last 5 years | Hormonal or genetic obesity | Pregnancy | Major psychiatric disease | Alcohol and drug abuse | Hiatal hernia > 5 cm | Esophagitis (grade C-D) | Peptic ulcer, esophageal varicose changes | Abdominal surgery history | Anticoagulant or NSAID use |