Table 1.
Characteristics of selected lifestyle aspects according to waist circumference quartiles among deceased men. Crude and adjusted mortality rate ratio (MRR) for each lifestyle aspect.
| Waist circumference, cm |
MRR (95%CI)* | MRR (95%CI)† | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| under 89 | 89–94.5 | 95–101.5 | over 102 | |||||
| Men | ||||||||
| Number of deaths | 586 | 553 | 550 | 534 | ||||
| Number in cohort | 7,625 | 7,863 | 6,420 | 3,966 | ||||
| Lifestyle aspects | ||||||||
| Never smokers, % (N) | 28 (2,145) | 27 (2,099) | 24 (1,557) | 24 (948) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Current smokers, % (N) | 45 (3,396) | 38 (3,017) | 37 (2,374) | 37 (1,475) | 2.67‡ | (2.32–3.08) | 2.32‡ | (2.01–2.68) |
| Recent smokers, % (N) | 1 (102) | 1 (111) | 2 (101) | 2 (63) | 1.55§ | (1.02–2.36) | 1.39§ | (0.91–2.12) |
| Past smokers, % (N) | 26 (2,009) | 34 (2,636) | 37 (2,388) | 37 (1,480) | 1.37** | (1.17–1.59) | 1.27** | (1.09–1.48) |
| Current tobacco consumption††, median | 20 (5–40) | 20 (4–40) | 20 (4–40) | 20 (5–44) | 1.29 | (1.21–1.38) | 1.20 | (1.12–1.27) |
| (range) | ||||||||
| Time since cessation‡‡, median (range) | 18 (2–35) | 16 (2–34) | 14 (1–34) | 14 (1–33) | 0.96 | (0.89–1.03) | 0.94 | (0.88–1.01) |
| Smoking duration§§, median (range) | 34 (7–47) | 33 (7–47) | 33 (8–47) | 33 (8–48) | 1.24 | (1.11–1.38) | 1.17 | (1.06–1.30) |
| Alcohol abstainers, % (N) | 2 (146) | 1 (109) | 1 (83) | 2 (71) | 3.43*** | (2.75–4.28) | 2.68*** | (2.15–3.36) |
| Occasional drinkers, % (N) | 1 (91) | 1 (72) | 1 (70) | 1 (48) | 2.48*** | (1.89–3.27) | 2.02*** | (1.53–2.66) |
| Alcohol†††, median (range) | 19 (2–71) | 20 (3–75) | 20 (3–82) | 20 (2–90) | 1.10 | (1.09–1.12) | 1.07 | (1.06–1.09) |
| No sports activity, % (N) | 45 (3,448) | 47 (3,678) | 55 (3,507) | 66 (2,634) | 1.78‡‡‡ | (1.60–1.98) | 1.40‡‡‡ | (1.26–1.57) |
| Duration of sports activity, median (range) | 2 (0.5–7.5) | 2 (0.5–7.5) | 2 (0.5–7.5) | 2 (0.5–7.5) | 1.01§§§ | (0.98–1.04) | 1.01§§§ | (0.98–1.04) |
| <8 years of school, % (N) | 29 (2,221) | 32 (2,550) | 37 (2,404) | 44 (1,761) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| 8–10 years of school, % (N) | 43 (3,249) | 43 (3,343) | 41 (2,631) | 40 (1,569) | 0.80 | (0.73–0.87) | 0.87 | (0.80–0.96) |
| >10 years of school, % (N) | 29 (2,182) | 25 (1,970) | 22 (1,385) | 16 (636) | 0.66 | (0.59–0.74) | 0.80 | (0.71–0.90) |
| Waist circumference, cm |
MRR (95%CI)* | MRR (95%CI)† | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| under 74 | 74–79.5 | 80–87.5 | over 88 | |||||
| Women | ||||||||
| Number of deaths | 367 | 324 | 366 | 324 | ||||
| Number in cohort | 7,641 | 7,909 | 7,569 | 5,239 | ||||
| Lifestyle aspects | ||||||||
| Never smokers, % (N) | 44 (3,364) | 44 (3,484) | 44 (3,299) | 45 (2,369) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| Current smokers, % (N) | 35 (2,709) | 32 (2,566) | 32 (2,405) | 30 (1,566) | 3.38‡ | (2.90–3.93) | 2.94‡ | (2.52–3.43) |
| Recent smokers, % (N) | 1 (76) | 1 (86) | 1 (91) | 1 (61) | 1.22§ | (0.65–2.29) | 1.18§ | (0.63–2.20) |
| Past smokers, % (N) | 20 (1,492) | 22 (1,771) | 23 (1,774) | 24 (1,243) | 1.65** | (1.38–1.98) | 1.63** | (1.36–1.96) |
| Current tobacco consumption††, median (range) | 12 (3–25) | 15 (3–25) | 15 (3–25) | 15 (4–30) | 1.48 | (1.34–1.63) | 1.39 | (1.26–1.53) |
| Time since cessation‡‡, median (range) | 18 (1–36) | 18 (1–36) | 16 (1–36) | 14 (1–35) | 0.96 | (0.88–1.05) | 0.96 | (0.88–1.05) |
| Smoking duration§§, median (range) | 31 (4–45) | 31 (5–45) | 31 (5–45) | 31 (5–45) | 1.18 | (1.06–1.32) | 1.16 | (1.04–1.30) |
| Alcohol abstainers, % (N) | 2 (146) | 2 (148) | 2 (129) | 4 (187) | 2.53*** | (1.97–3.26) | 2.04*** | (1.58–2.63) |
| Occasional drinkers, % (N) | 1 (108) | 1 (97) | 2 (140) | 3 (140) | 2.11*** | (1.57–2.82) | 1.71*** | (1.28–2.29) |
| Alcohol†††, median (range) | 11 (1–40) | 11 (1–41) | 10 (1–44) | 7 (1–44) | 1.11 | (1.07–1.14) | 1.07 | (1.03–1.10) |
| No sports activity, % (N) | 37 (2,850) | 37 (2,961) | 42 (3,165) | 52 (2,699) | 1.88‡‡‡ | (1.66–2.13) | 1.53‡‡‡ | (1.35–1.73) |
| Duration of sports activity, median (range) | 2 (0.5–6.5) | 1.5 (0.5–6) | 1.5 (0.5–5.5) | 1.5 (0.5–5) | 1.03§§§ | (1.00–1.07) | 1.03§§§‡ | (1.00–1.07) |
| <8 years of school, % (N) | 24 (1,856) | 29 (2,256) | 34 (2,550) | 41 (2,132) | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | – |
| 8–10 years of school, % (N) | 52 (3,949) | 52 (4,083) | 50 (3,805) | 47 (2,439) | 0.81 | (0.72–0.90) | 0.92 | (0.82–1.04) |
| >10 years of school, % (N) | 24 (1,836) | 20 (1,568) | 16 (1,214) | 13 (668) | 0.66 | (0.56–0.78) | 0.82 | (0.69–0.97) |
MMR = Mortality rate ratio.
Adjusted for covariates related to the same lifestyle aspect.
†Adjusted for all other covariates.
‡Estimated MMR for smokers with 25 years smoking duration and currently smoking 20 g/day relative to never smokers.
§Smokers who quitted smoking within the last year after 25 years of smoking relative to never smokers. One man who began to smoke and quitted smoking within the last year before recruitment into the study was classifies as a never smoker.
Estimated MRR for past smokers quitting smoking 15 years ago after 25 years of smoking relative to never smokers.
††Median (range) in g/day among current smokers only. MRR per doubling in current tobacco consumption.
‡‡Median (range) in years among past smokers only. MRR per doubling of time since cessation.
§§Median (range) in years among ever smokers. MRR per doubling of smoking duration.
Estimated MRR relative to drinkers who drink 10 g alcohol/day.
†††Median (range) in grams for average daily alcohol intake among drinkers. MRR per 10 g increase in average daily alcohol intake.
‡‡‡No sports activity relative to 1 h of sport activity either summer or winter.
§§§Median (range) in h/week of duration of sports activity among active. MRR per h/week of sports activity.