Table 4.
Mortality rate ratios (MMR) for two separate models (medians (range)): mutually adjusted waist circumference or BMI and mutually adjusted waist or hip circumferences, respectively; both models further adjusted for confounders of importance. Per 10% higher waist circumference, per 10% higher BMI within the specific BMI intervals and per 10% lower hip circumference
| Smoking status-specific MRR |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| men |
Women |
|||||||||||||
| never smokers | past smokers* | current smokers | p | never smokers | past smokers* | current smokers | p | |||||||
| Waist circumference† BMI interval† (kg/m2) |
1.36 | (1.09–1.70) | 1.30 | (1.17–1.43) | 1.40 | (1.20–1.64) | 0.70 | 1.13 | (0.97–1.31) | 1.41 | (1.27–1.56) | 1.16 | (0.99–1.36) | 0.02 |
| Under 25 | 0.76 | (0.57–1.01) | 0.66 | (0.59–0.73) | 0.69 | (0.55–0.87) | 0.93 | (0.77–1.13) | 0.63 | (0.57–0.69) | 0.88 | (0.71–1.09) | ||
| 25–30 | 1.01 | (0.79–1.29) | 1.01 | (0.90–1.14) | 0.90 | (0.76–1.08) | 0.89 | 0.94 | (0.75–1.18) | 0.89 | (0.76–1.05) | 0.96 | (0.75–1.21) | 0.002 |
| Over 30 | 0.99 | (0.77–1.27) | 1.00 | (0.87–1.15) | 1.03 | (0.86–1.24) | 1.14 | (0.94–1.38) | 0.83 | (0.70–0.99) | 1.10 | (0.89–1.35) | ||
| Waist circumference‡ | 1.62 | (1.37–1.92) | 1.35 | (1.25–1.47) | 1.39 | (1.23–1.58) | 0.15 | 1.15 | (1.03–1.29) | 1.27 | (1.18–1.37) | 1.22 | (1.08–1.38) | 0.36 |
| Hip circumference‡ | 1.59 | (1.22–2.05) | 1.48 | (1.31–1.68) | 1.24 | (1.02–1.49) | 0.20 | 1.06 | (0.88–1.27) | 1.60 | (1.41–1.81) | 1.19 | (0.98–1.43) | 0.0004 |
| Alkoholintake-specific MRR | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| men |
Women |
|||||||||||||
| abstainers** | ≤25.44 g/day | >25.44 g/day | P | abstainers** | ≤9.87 g/day | >9.87 g/day | P | |||||||
| Waist circumference† BMI interval† (kg/m2) |
1.41 | (1.09–1.81) | 1.35 | (1.22–1.50) | 1.35 | (1.22–1.49) | 0.95 | 1.37 | (1.10–1.71) | 1.19 | (1.08–1.31) | 1.35 | (1.23–1.49) | 0.07 |
| Under 25 | 0.63 | (0.45–0.90) | 0.65 | (0.58–0.74) | 0.66 | (0.58–0.75) | 0.66 | (0.49–0.90) | 0.79 | (0.70–0.89) | 0.66 | (0.59–0.74) | ||
| 25–30 | 0.95 | (0.69–1.29) | 0.95 | (0.85–1.07) | 1.00 | (0.89–1.12) | 0.56 | 1.01 | (0.73–1.40) | 0.95 | (0.82–1.09) | 0.91 | (0.78–1.06) | 0.22 |
| Over 30 | 1.00 | (0.66–1.51) | 0.95 | (0.82–1.10) | 1.08 | (0.94–1.24) | 0.72 | (0.50–1.02) | 1.04 | (0.91–1.20) | 0.94 | (0.77–1.15) | ||
| Waist circumference‡ | 1.50 | (1.16–1.94) | 1.24 | (1.13–1.36) | 1.60 | (1.46–1.75) | 0.0003 | 1.19 | (0.96–1.49) | 1.22 | (1.13–1.32) | 1.23 | (1.13–1.34) | 0.97 |
| Hip circumference‡ | 1.51 | (1.16–1.97) | 1.27 | (1.13–1.43) | 1.63 | (1.46–1.83) | 0.0004 | 1.29 | (1.03–1.62) | 1.34 | (1.20–1.49) | 1.35 | (1.21–1.50) | 0.93 |
| Sports activity-specific MRR | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| men |
Women |
|||||||||||||
| nonactive | active | p | nonactive | active | p | |||||||||
| Waist circumference† | 1.30 | (1.16–1.46) | 1.35 | (1.23–1.47) | 0.59 | 1.25 | (1.13–1.38) | 1.29 | (1.18–1.41) | 0.57 | ||||
| BMI interval† (kg/m2) | ||||||||||||||
| Under 25 | 0.69 | (0.59–0.80) | 0.66 | (0.59–0.73) | 0.73 | (0.65–0.83) | 0.71 | (0.64–0.79) | ||||||
| 25–30 | 1.07 | (0.94–1.22) | 0.94 | (0.85–1.05) | 0.23 | 0.99 | (0.86–1.15) | 0.86 | (0.75–0.99) | 0.40 | ||||
| Over 30 | 1.05 | (0.86–1.29) | 1.01 | (0.90–1.13) | 0.93 | (0.77–1.12) | 0.98 | (0.86–1.11) | ||||||
| Waist circumference‡ | 1.39 | (1.24–1.55) | 1.39 | (1.29–1.50) | 0.96 | 1.23 | (1.12–1.33) | 1.21 | (1.12–1.30) | 0.82 | ||||
| Hip circumference‡ | 1.42 | (1.25–1.63) | 1.42 | (1.28–1.58) | 0.97 | 1.37 | (1.23–1.52) | 1.34 | (1.21–1.48) | 0.70 | ||||
| Education-specific MRR | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| men |
Women |
|||||||||||||
| <8 years | 8–10 years | >10 years | P | <8 years | 8–10 years | >10 years | P | |||||||
| Waist circumference† BMI interval† (kg/m2) |
1.28 | (1.16–1.42) | 1.43 | (1.29–1.60) | 1.27 | (1.09–1.48) | 0.17 | 1.30 | (1.18–1.44) | 1.29 | (1.17–1.42) | 1.21 | (1.04–1.42) | 0.73 |
| Under 25 | 0.71 | (0.62–0.81) | 0.60 | (0.53–0.69) | 0.71 | (0.58–0.87) | 0.69 | (0.61–0.78) | 0.70 | (0.62–0.78) | 0.76 | (0.61–0.93) | ||
| 25–30 | 1.01 | (0.90–1.13) | 0.86 | (0.76–0.98) | 1.13 | (0.96–1.34) | 0.03 | 0.88 | (0.76–1.03) | 0.96 | (0.83–1.12) | 0.96 | (0.73–1.27) | 0.70 |
| Over 30 | 0.99 | (0.87–1.14) | 1.00 | (0.84–1.19) | 1.12 | (0.88–1.42) | 0.94 | (0.80–1.10) | 1.00 | (0.86–1.17) | 0.87 | (0.56–1.35) | ||
| Waist circumference‡ | 1.42 | (1.29–1.55) | 1.28 | (1.15–1.42) | 1.48 | (1.28–1.71) | 0.19 | 1.23 | (1.13–1.34) | 1.24 | (1.14–1.35) | 1.12 | (0.96–1.31) | 0.50 |
| Hip circumference‡ | 1.45 | (1.28–1.63) | 1.31 | (1.15–1.49) | 1.51 | (1.29–1.77) | 0.19 | 1.35 | (1.21–1.51) | 1.37 | (1.23–1.52) | 1.24 | (1.05–1.46) | 0.52 |
*
Recent smokers included.
**
Abstainers only include subjects reporting no alcohol intake in the food as well as the lifestyle questionnaire.
†
Waist circumference and BMI, mutually adjusted and including confounders.
‡
Waist and hip circumference, mutually adjusted and including confounders.