Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the total patient cohort treated with hemostatic powders for gastrointestinal bleeding n (%)
| HS and EC n = 154 | Hemospray n = 111 | Endoclot n = 32 | P value | |
| Sex (M) | 101 (65.6) | 76 (68.5) | 17 (53.1) | ns |
| Age, yr | ||||
| mean ± SD | 66.6 ± 14 | 67 ± 13.8 | 67.4 ± 15.1 | ns |
| range | 11-93 | 29-93 | 11-89 | |
| Rockall risk score | ||||
| median ± SD | 7.1 ± 1.7 | 7.1 ± 1.7 | 7.1 ± 1.8 | ns |
| range | 2-10 | 2-10 | 2-10 | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Coagulopathy | 48 (31.2) | 36 (32.4) | 6 (18.8) | ns |
| Renal insufficiency | 74 (48.1) | 53 (47.7) | 15 (46.9) | ns |
| Hemodialysis | 35 (22.7) | 26 (23.4) | 5 (15.6) | ns |
| Liver cirrhosis | 40 (26) | 32 (28.9) | 5 (15.6) | ns |
| Bleeding locale | ||||
| upper GI bleeding | 137 (89) | 102 (91.8) | 25 (78.1) | 0.04 |
| lower GI bleeding | 17 (11) | 8 (8) | 7 (21) | ns |
| Application as | ||||
| Primary therapy | 82 (53.2) | 64 (57.7) | 14 (43.8) | ns |
| Salvage therapy | 72 (46.8) | 47 (42) | 18 (56) | ns |
| Multiple applications of HP | 42 (27.3) | 27 (24.3) | 5 (15.6) | ns |
| Definite hemostatic therapies after HP failure | ||||
| Coiling | 13 (8.4) | 11 (9.9) | 1 (3.1) | ns |
| Surgery | 9 (5.8) | 7 (6.3) | 1 (3.1) | ns |
| Short term success (total) | 125 (81.2) | 92 (82.9) | 26 (81.2) | ns |
| Primary therapy | 67/82 (81.7) | 53/64 (82.8) | 11/14 (78.6) | |
| Salvage therapy | 58/72 (80.6) | 39/47 (82.9) | 15/18 (83.3) | |
| Long term success | 81/121 (66.9) | 59 (69.4) | 18 (66.7) | ns |
| Primary therapy | 45/65 (69.2) | 35/49 (71.4) | 8/13 (61.5) | |
| Salvage therapy | 36/56 (64.3) | 24/36 (66.7) | 10/14 (71.4) | |
| Re-bleeding rate | 41 (26.6) | 27 (24.3) | 8 (25) | ns |
| Primary therapy | 18/82 (21.9) | 13/64 (20.3) | 3/14 (21.4) | |
| Salvage therapy | 23/72 (31.9) | 14/47 (29.8) | 5/18 (27.8) |
HS: Hemospray; EC: Endoclot; HP: Hemostatic powders; HS and EC: Including patients who received both Hemospray and Endoclot at different time points; GI: Gastrointestinal.