Table 5.
Characteristics and dietary intakes of study population by tertile (T) categories of dietary pattern scores.
| Variables | Prudent pattern |
P value | Western pattern |
P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | T1 | T2 | T3 | |||
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 48.9 ± 12.7 | 45.9 ± 11.4 | 37.5 ± 10.8 | 0.001 | 42.5 ± 12.7 | 47.7 ± 11.2 | 42.2 ± 13.2 | 0.578 |
| Sex (%) | ||||||||
| Males | 28.0 | 22.0 | 50.0 | 0.027 | 32.0 | 32.0 | 36.0 | 0.878 |
| Females | 38.1 | 43.6 | 18.1 | 34.5 | 34.5 | 31.0 | ||
| Marital status (%) | ||||||||
| Married | 33.7 | 30.6 | 33.7 | 0.615 | 30.6 | 33.7 | 33.7 | 0.501 |
| Unmarried | 25.0 | 50.0 | 25.0 | 50.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 | ||
| Educational level (%) | ||||||||
| Low education | 52.8 | 36.1 | 11.1 | 0.004 | 41.7 | 36.1 | 22.2 | 0.244 |
| High education | 23.2 | 31.9 | 44.9 | 29.0 | 31.9 | 39.1 | ||
| Employment history (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 15.4 | 34.6 | 50.0 | 0.126 | 42.3 | 26.9 | 30.8 | 0.178 |
| Family size (%) | ||||||||
| Less than 5 | 42.1 | 18.4 | 39.5 | 0.206 | 34.2 | 23.7 | 42.1 | 0.923 |
| 5 or more | 28.4 | 41.8 | 29.8 | 32.8 | 38.8 | 28.4 | ||
| Monthly income (NIS) (%) | ||||||||
| ⩽2000 (NIS) | 35.1 | 31.9 | 33.0 | 0.516 | 33.0 | 35.1 | 31.9 | 0.794 |
| >2000 (NIS) | 21.4 | 42.9 | 35.7 | 35.7 | 21.4 | 42.9 | ||
| Enough income (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 23.5 | 47.1 | 29.4 | 0.666 | 35.3 | 23.5 | 41.2 | 0.767 |
| History of smoking (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 20.0 | 26.7 | 53.3 | 0.248 | 40.0 | 20.0 | 40.0 | 0.285 |
| Female menopausal status (%) | ||||||||
| Premenopausal | 35.0 | 35.0 | 30.0 | 0.219 | 35.0 | 20.0 | 45.0 | 0.632 |
| Postmenopausal | 40.0 | 48.6 | 11.4 | 34.3 | 42.9 | 22.8 | ||
| Male | 28.0 | 22.0 | 50.0 | 32.0 | 32.0 | 36.0 | ||
| Have a meal plan for bronchial asthma (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 30.6 | 34.7 | 34.7 | 0.883 | 26.5 | 30.6 | 42.9 | 0.083 |
| Who describe diet regimen (%) | ||||||||
| Physician | 32.4 | 38.2 | 29.4 | 0.968 | 20.6 | 32.4 | 47.0 | 0.020 |
| Self-reading | 26.7 | 26.7 | 46.6 | 40.0 | 26.7 | 33.3 | ||
| No diet regimen | 35.6 | 32.2 | 32.2 | 39.3 | 35.7 | 25.0 | ||
| Number of meal per day (%) | ||||||||
| <3 meals | 17.2 | 34.5 | 48.3 | 0.330 | 48.3 | 24.1 | 27.6 | 0.005 |
| 3 meals | 42.9 | 22.4 | 34.7 | 34.7 | 34.7 | 30.6 | ||
| <5 meals | 33.3 | 51.9 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 40.7 | 44.5 | ||
| Multivitamin supplement use (%) | ||||||||
| Yes | 41.9 | 37.2 | 20.9 | 0.059 | 30.2 | 39.6 | 30.2 | 0.944 |
| Weight (kg) | ||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 83.5 ± 15.5 | 85.8 ± 18.2 | 78.5 ± 15.9 | 0.029 | 85.0 ± 20.0 | 81.1 ± 13.7 | 81.8 ± 16.0 | 0.729 |
| Height (m) | ||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 1.66 ± 0.05 | 1.66 ± 0.06 | 1.69 ± 0.07 | 0.028 | 1.68 ± 0.06 | 1.66 ± 0.06 | 1.68 ± 0.06 | 0.025 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 106.1 ± 13 | 102.0 ± 16 | 93.3 ± 15 | 0.001 | 101.2 ± 18 | 100.1 ± 15 | 100.2 ± 15 | 0.550 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 30.1 ± 5.1 | 31.0 ± 7.2 | 27.4 ± 5.5 | 0.452 | 30.2 ± 7.8 | 29.5 ± 5.3 | 28.8 ± 5.0 | 0.530 |
| Physical activity (Total MET) | ||||||||
| Mean ± SD | 1373 ± 1446 | 1567 ± 1720 | 2304 ± 1944 | 0.001 | 1786 ± 2009 | 1603 ± 1720 | 1855 ± 1515 | 0.729 |
Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; MET, metabolic equivalents.
ANOVA test was used for quantitative variables and chi-square for qualitative variables. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.