Table S2.

Eligibility criteria

Criteria	Included	Excluded
Publication type	• Full-text original research published in English	• Non-English publications • Duplicate publication(s) of the same trials or studies • Case reports • Commentaries and letters • Recommendations/guidelines • Books/chapters/addresses/bibliographies/biographies/lectures • Non-systematic reviews • Systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Study design	• RCTs • Observational studies (retrospective studies, longitudinal studies, prospective studies, etc)	• Non-human studies • Preclinical studies • Phase 1 studies • Short-term studies (study length #10 days) • Studies interrupted or prematurely terminated
Study location	• North America and the European Union	• Including any location not in North America or the European Union
Population	• Adults (aged $18 years) diagnosed with HIV and treated with ART	• Children and adolescents (aged <18 years) • Non-HIV-positive patients • Studies conducted only in HIV subpopulation, including:  o patients infected with hepatitis B or C  ○ patients with a history of drug abuse  ○ patients with depression  o pregnant women  ○ homeless and marginally housed patients
Interventions	• Once-daily ART regimens	• Non-ART regimens • More-than-once-daily regimens
Outcomes	• Association between treatment regimen and adherence level, or • Association between adherence level and drug efficacy/effectiveness,a or • Association between treatment regimen and drug efficacy/effectivenessa	• Studies that report neither treatment adherence nor drug efficacy/effectiveness • Studies that do not report the association or comparative results

Note:

^aDrug effectiveness or efficacy was measured as viral load (RNA level), viral suppression rate, viral failure rate, and undetectable RNA level.

Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; RCT, randomized controlled trial.