A) Longitudinal tibial sections of RD- and VEDD-fed mice were stained to detect 4-HNE, a marker of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress; these representative samples are from the sedentary groups for each respective diet. Little to no staining was observed with a non-specific IgG control. Counterstain: Fast Green, 400× original magnification. B) Both diet and exercise significantly affected 4-HNE staining, with staining higher in VEDD-fed mice than RD-fed mice and surprisingly lower in exercised mice as compared to sedentary mice. P-values for factors in the 2-factor ANOVA with interaction analysis are shown. Box plots show median, quartiles, and outlier fences for each group.