Figure 2. Generation of graphene-Au hybrid nanoelectrode arrays (NEAs).

a) Schematic illustration of sequential steps to generate graphene-Au hybrid NEAs on ITO electrode via laser interference lithography (LIL) and metal deposition method. (b-c) Representative scanning electron microscope (SEM) images (Magnification of 40K X) of b) photoresist nanohole after the LIL process and c) resulting Au NEAs after metal deposition process according to pitch size (400, 800, 1200, and 1600 nm, respectively). d) Representative transmission electron microscope (TEM) image, e) size distributions, and f) Raman spectra of synthesized graphene oxide nanosheet and after formation of graphene-Au hybrid NEAs. g) Homogeneity analysis by Raman map obtained from graphene-Au hybrid NEAs with notable Raman transitions band (G-band of graphene at around 1600 cm⁻¹). Scale bars are 500 nm (b,c) and 50 nm (d).