Smith 2005.

Methods	Randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over, no enrichment. No imputation method mentioned Titration in 300 mg increments every 2‐3 days until pain intensity of 0 or uncomfortable side effects, or maximum 3600 mg daily, then stable dose for remainder of 6‐week treatment period, followed by titration off medication in week 7; 5‐week washout, then cross‐over
Participants	Phantom limb pain and residual limb pain. Time since amputation ≥ 6 months, PI before randomisation > 3/10 N = 24 Mean age 52 years, 25% women Initial pain intensity 4.4/10
Interventions	Gabapentin 3600 mg daily (max), (19/24 took max dose) Placebo
Outcomes	Meaningful decrease in pain (5‐point scale)
Notes	Oxford Quality Score: R = 2, DB = 2, W = 0, Total = 4 No funding mentioned
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer‐generated random numbers
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	"capsules that were identical in appearance"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Efficacy	Unclear risk	Imputation not mentioned
Size Efficacy	High risk	< 50 participants per treatment arm (24)