Table 2.

Bacterial organism(s) and resistance pattern(s) of interest for studies included in the final review (n = 81)

System context	Organism(s)	Resistance pattern(s)		Reference(s)
		Antibacterial class	Antibacterial drug
Hospital or clinic	Not specified	–	–	[39–43, 45, 47, 48, 50, 52, 54, 57, 58, 65, 66, 68–70, 74, 76]
	Commensals, unspecified	–	–	[61]
	Enterobacteriaceae, unspecified	Beta-lactamsa	–	[49]
			Ampicillin	[72]
		Quinolones	Nalidixic acid	[72]
	Enterococcus spp.	Glycopeptides	Vancomycinb	[38, 46, 51, 64, 75]
		Streptogramins	Virginiamycin	[71]
	Escherichia coli	Aminoglycosides	Amikacin	[67]
			Gentamicin	[67]
		Beta-lactamsa	Cefuroxime	[73]
		Fluoroquinolones	Ciprofloxacin	[67]
	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Aminoglycosides	Amikacin	[62]
	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Aminoglycosides	Gentamicin	[60]
			Tobramycin	[60]
		Beta-lactams	Ceftazidime	[53]
		Carbapenems	Meropenem	[53]
		Fluoroquinolones	Ciprofloxacin	[53]
	Staphylococcus aureus	Penicillins	Methicillinc	[44, 55, 56, 59]
	Streptococcus pneumoniae	Penicillins	Penicillin	[63]
Community or household	Not specified	–	–	[57, 66, 81, 85, 89, 95]
	Commensals, unspecified	–	–	[77]
	Enterococcus spp.	Glycopeptides	Vancomycinb	[97]
		Streptogramins	Virginiamycin	[71]
	Escherichia coli	Beta-lactamsa	–	[73]
	Moraxella catarrhalis	Beta-lactamsa	–	[78]
	Neisseria gonorrhoeae	–	–	[79, 83, 86, 87, 102, 105]
	Neisseria meningitidis	Beta-lactams	–	[98]
	Staphylococcus aureus	Penicillins	Methicillinc	[56, 59, 92]
	Streptococcus pneumoniae	–	–	[80, 91]
		Beta-lactams	–	[82, 93, 96]
			Penicillin	[36, 37, 78, 90, 94, 98–101]
			Amoxicillin	[103]
		Fluoroquinolones	–	[104]
		Ketolides	–	[93]
		Macrolides	–	[82, 84, 93]
			Erythromycin	[90, 103]
	Mixed infections	Carbapenems	Ertapenem	[35, 88]
		Penicillins	Piperacillin	[35, 88]
Agricultural setting	Not specified	–	–	[33, 85]
	Escherichia coli	Tetracyclines	Tetracycline	[34]
Non-specific setting	Not specified	–	–	[106–109, 111, 113]
	Commensals, unspecified	–	–	[110, 112]

‘–’ indicates the antimicrobial class and/or antimicrobial drug was not specified in the study.

^aBeta-lactamase or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria.

^bVancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).

^cMethicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).