Table 2.
Main characteristics of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia according to 30-days mortality
| Whole sample (N = 257) |
30 days mortality | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 192) | Yes (n = 65) | ||
| Age (years), median (interquartile range) | 78.2 (16.2) | 77.5 (17.8) | 81.3 (12.8) |
| Age: ⩾65 years | 205 (79.8) | 146 (76.0) | 59 (90.8) |
| Sex: male | 167 (65.0) | 122 (63.5) | 45 (69.2) |
| Department of admission at the onset of bacteraemia | |||
| Medical units | 174 (67.7) | 131 (68.2) | 43 (66.2) |
| Intensive care units | 31 (12.1) | 21 (10.9) | 10 (15.4) |
| Onco-hematology units | 22 (8.6) | 17 (8.9) | 5 (7.7) |
| Surgical units | 22 (8.6) | 16 (8.3) | 6 (9.2) |
| Emergency department | 8 (3.1) | 7 (3.6) | 1 (1.5) |
| Origin of bacteraemia: Community acquired | 103 (40.1) | 71 (37.0) | 32 (49.2) |
| Comorbidities according to CCIa,b | |||
| Myocardial infarction | 39 (15.2) | 23 (12.0) | 16 (24.6) |
| Congestive heart failure | 74 (28.8) | 46 (24.0) | 28 (43.1) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 35 (13.6) | 23 (12.0) | 12 (18.5) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 40 (15.6) | 28 (14.6) | 12 (18.5) |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 18 (7.0) | 15 (7.8) | 3 (4.6) |
| Dementia | 41 (16.0) | 28 (14.6) | 13 (20.0) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 36 (14.0) | 22 (11.5) | 14 (21.5) |
| Rheumatologic disease | 18 (7.0) | 12 (6.3) | 6 (9.2) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 31 (12.1) | 22 (11.5) | 9 (13.8) |
| Mild liver disease | 6 (2.3) | 5 (2.6) | 1 (1.5) |
| Diabetes without chronic complications | 51 (19.8) | 34 (17.7) | 17 (26.2) |
| Renal disease | 67 (26.1) | 52 (27.1) | 15 (23.1) |
| Diabetes with chronic complications | 39 (15.2) | 30 (15.6) | 9 (13.8) |
| Solid tumour without metastasis | 35 (13.6) | 27 (14.1) | 8 (12.3) |
| Leukemia | 10 (3.9) | 7 (3.6) | 3 (4.6) |
| Lymphoma | 4 (1.6) | 3 (1.6) | 1 (1.5) |
| Any malignancy without metastasisb | 44 (17.1) | 33 (17.2) | 11 (16.9) |
| Moderate or severe liver disease | 13 (5.1) | 10 (5.2) | 3 (4.6) |
| Metastatic solid tumour | 27 (10.5) | 20 (10.4) | 7 (10.8) |
| AIDS | 2 (0.8) | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| cCCIc, median (interquartile range) | 3 (3) | 3 (3) | 3 (4) |
| cCCI ⩾3 | 161 (62.6) | 119 (62.0) | 42 (64.6) |
| uCCIc, median (interquartile range) | 2 (4) | 2 (3) | 3 (3) |
| uCCI ⩾4 | 89 (34.6) | 59 (30.7) | 30 (46.2) |
| Previous invasive procedures | 156 (60.9) | 119 (62.3) | 37 (56.9) |
| Vascular catheter | 148 (57.6) | 112 (58.3) | 36 (55.4) |
| Central vascular catheter | 77 (30.0) | 63 (32.8) | 14 (21.5) |
| Previous urinary bladder catheter | 106 (41.2) | 75 (39.1) | 31 (47.7) |
| Previous admission (30 days) | 87 (33.9) | 67 (34.9) | 20 (30.8) |
| Previous antibiotic treatment (30 days) | 83 (32.3) | 61 (31.8) | 22 (33.8) |
| Immunosupresant treatment | 56 (21.8) | 41 (21.4) | 15 (23.1) |
| Previous surgery | 43 (16.7) | 34 (17.7) | 9 (13.8) |
| Previous ICU admission | 23 (8.9) | 18 (9.4) | 5 (7.7) |
| Previous mechanical ventilation | 11 (4.3) | 8 (4.2) | 3 (4.6) |
| Neutropenia | 11 (4.3) | 7 (3.6) | 4 (6.2) |
| Focus | |||
| Unknown | 69 (26.8) | 49 (25.5) | 20 (30.8) |
| Pulmonary | 46 (17.9) | 28 (14.6) | 18 (27.7) |
| Catheter | 40 (15.6) | 36 (18.8) | 4 (6.2) |
| Endovascular | 37 (14.4) | 27 (14.1) | 10 (15.4) |
| Endocardial | 12 (4.7) | 7 (3.6) | 5 (7.7) |
| Skin and soft tissue | 30 (11.7) | 25 (13.0) | 5 (7.7) |
| Urinary | 13 (5.1) | 11 (5.7) | 2 (3.1) |
| Joint | 12 (4.7) | 11 (5.7) | 1 (1.5) |
| Other | 8 (3.1) | 4 (2.1) | 4 (6.2) |
| Leucocyte count (×103/μl), median (interquartile range) | 11.2 (7.6) | 11.0 (7.7) | 11.4 (8.3) |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl), median (interquartile range) | 12.9 (22.2) | 12.5 (20.7) | 16.9 (24.4) |
| Shock at presentation | 64 (24.9) | 31 (16.1) | 33 (50.8) |
| DIC at presentation | 36 (14.0) | 19 (9.9) | 17 (26.2) |
| ARDS at presentation | 49 (19.1) | 23 (12.0) | 26 (40.0) |
| Pitt Bacteraemia Score, median (interquartile range) | 1 (4) | 1 (3) | 3 (4) |
| Pitt Bacteraemia Score: ⩾2 | 100 (39.1) | 61 (31.9) | 39 (60.0) |
| Embolic phenomena | 36 (14.0) | 27 (14.1) | 9 (13.8) |
| Persistent bacteraemia | 49 (19.1) | 31 (16.1) | 18 (27.7) |
| Appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment | 180 (70.0) | 138 (71.9) | 42 (64.6) |
| Methicillin resistant S.aureus | 79 (30.9) | 55 (28.6) | 24 (37.5) |
| Vancomycin MIC >1 | 39 (29.8) | 29 (30.5) | 10 (27.8) |
| ICU admission during follow-up | 33 (12.9) | 24 (12.5) | 9 (14.1) |
| Mechanical ventilation during follow-up | 28 (10.9) | 19 (9.9) | 9 (14.1) |
AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. cCCI, classical Charlson comorbidity index; uCCI, updated Charlson comorbidity index. ICU, intensive care unit. DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation. ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome. MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration.
a
Comorbidities were defined according to comorbidity Charlson index criteria (see Supplementary Table S1, available on the Cambridge Core website).
b
Including leukemia and lymphoma.
c
To calculate CCI the following comorbid conditions were mutually exclusive: diabetes with chronic complications and diabetes without chronic complications; mild liver disease and moderate or severe liver disease; and any malignancy and metastatic solid tumour.